Purpose: This study aims to analyze the income and welfare levels of shallot farmer households in Mataran Village, Anggeraja District, Enrekang Regency. Research Methodology: The research adopts a quantitative approach using observations, interviews, and structured questionnaires as data collection methods. The study was conducted from November to December 2022 with a population of 350 shallot farmer households. A sample of 35 farmers was selected randomly. The analysis focused on calculating production costs, revenues, income, and evaluating the welfare level of farmer households based on income-to-cost ratios. Results: The findings show that the total cost incurred by farmers was Rp. 863,594,343, while total revenue reached Rp. 1,936,200,000, resulting in an income of Rp. 1,072,605,657. The revenue-to-cost ratio was 2.24 > 1, indicating that shallot farming is profitable. Furthermore, the welfare analysis reveals that the majority of farmer households in the study area were categorized as prosperous, based on income levels and their ability to meet household needs. Conclusion: Shallot farming in Mataran Village provides significant profits and contributes positively to improving the welfare of farmer households. The high income-to-cost ratio highlights shallot cultivation as a viable agricultural livelihood in the region. Limitations: This study is limited to a small sample size of 35 respondents and only considers monetary indicators of welfare, excluding broader social and environmental factors. Contribution: The research provides empirical evidence on the profitability of shallot farming and its role in enhancing rural household welfare, serving as a reference for agricultural policy development and rural economic planning.

Purpose: This study provides a meta-analysis of previous research investigating the effect of urea application on corn productivity. The aim is to develop a comprehensive and robust understanding of the relationship between urea use and corn yield, offering evidence-based recommendations for fertilizer management. Research Methodology: The meta-analysis was conducted through several stages, including determining the reference component of the literature search, collecting and tabulating relevant data, standardizing datasets from multiple studies, and analyzing the results using the OpenMEE software to synthesize findings across different research sources. Results: The findings indicate that urea application significantly improves corn productivity. The positive impact on yield is even greater when urea is combined with other fertilizers, highlighting the importance of integrated fertilization practices. Furthermore, the timing of urea application is shown to be critical, with pre-planting application producing better results compared to post-planting application, suggesting that nutrient availability during early crop development is essential for optimal growth. Conclusion:This study concludes that proper urea application, especially when combined with other fertilizers and applied before planting, can substantially enhance corn yield. Optimizing fertilizer use through recommended dosage and timing contributes to improved agricultural productivity. Limitations: The study is limited to research using combined fertilization approaches, favorable climatic conditions, and controlled agricultural settings such as demonstration plots, which may not fully represent diverse field conditions. Contribution: The results provide practical guidance for farmers and agricultural practitioners to improve fertilizer management strategies, maximize corn productivity, and support evidence-based agricultural decision-making.