Assessing Crypto-Zakat’s Legal and Sharia Validity in Indonesia’s Digital Economy

https://doi.org/10.35912/bukhori.v5i2.5179
Publiée : janv. 19, 2026

Résumé:

Purpose: This study investigates the legal and Sharia perspectives on the use of cryptocurrency in Indonesia’s digital economy, with a focus on its potential application for zakat payments.

Methodology/Approach: Using a legal-normative and doctrinal approach, this study analyzes Indonesia's statutory regulations (e.g., Law No. 23 of 2011) and fatwas from major Islamic organizations. Secondary sources include academic articles and classical jurisprudence.

Results/Findings: The findings reveal that while Indonesian law acknowledges cryptocurrency as a digital asset, it is not recognized as legal tender. In terms of Sharia law, there are differing opinions, with some Islamic scholars viewing cryptocurrency as haram due to the uncertainty (gharar) involved, while others accept it as a permissible asset if backed by tangible goods. However, the use of cryptocurrency for zakat payments is not authorized, though crypto-assets themselves could be subject to zakat if they meet specific conditions.

Conclusion: Despite legal and religious constraints, cryptocurrency could be used for zakat if robust regulations are developed. This requires coordinated institutional, legal, and religious efforts.

Limitations: This study is limited to normative and doctrinal analysis. It lacks empirical data from zakat institutions or users, which restricts its practical scope.

Contribution: This research contributes to Islamic digital finance by offering a dual legal-religious analysis. It also provides policy insights for aligning Indonesia's financial regulations with Sharia principles.

Auteurs:
Riyan Al Fajri
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Comment citer
Fajri, R. A. (2026). Assessing Crypto-Zakat’s Legal and Sharia Validity in Indonesia’s Digital Economy. Bukhori : Kajian Ekonomi Et Keuangan Islam, 5(2), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.35912/bukhori.v5i2.5179
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Vol. 5 No 2 (2026): January
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Références

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    Afzal, A., & Asif, A. (2019). Cryptocurrencies, blockchain and regulation: A review. doi:https://doi.org/10.35536/lje.2019.v24.i1.a5

    Anisak, A., & Bakhri, S. (2024). Peran dan Tantangan Bank Syariah Indonesia dalam Meningkatkan Inklusi Keuangan Melalui Produk Mikro Syariah. Jurnal Relevansi: Ekonomi, Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(2), 79-83. doi:https://doi.org/10.61401/relevansi.v8i2.151

    Bappebti. (2021). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi tentang pedoman penyelenggaraan perdagangan pasar fisik aset kripto (crypto asset) di bursa berjangka.

    Bibi, S. (2025). Bitcoin, Central Bank Digital Currency and the loss of money value (s). Review of Political Economy, 1-29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09538259.2025.2456734

    Faizi. (2023). Are cryptocurrencies ?aram? A critical analysis toward MUI’s fatw?. Al-Ihkam. Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial, 18(2), 420-442. doi:https://doi.org/10.19105/al-lhkam.v18i2.8290

    Firman, A., M. (2025). Tinjauan Fiqih Muamalat Atas Zakat Aset Cryptocurrency. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 3(1), 548-558. doi:https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v3i1.1236

    Hasan, Z., Syuhada, B., & Indira, N. (2023). Islamic Legal View on Buying and Selling Bitcoin. Jurnal Ekonomi KIAT, 34(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.25299/kiat.2023.12394

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    Kusuma, T. (2020). Cryptocurrency dalam perdagangan berjangka komoditi di indonesia perspektif hukum Islam. Tsaqafah, 16(1), 109-126. doi:https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v22i1.3617

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    Muneeza, A., Bin-Nashwan, S. A., Abdel Moshin, M. I., Mohamed, I., & Al-Saadi, A. (2023). Zakat payment from cryptocurrencies and crypto assets. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 16(3), 482-497. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-12-2021-0487

    Prasetiyo, L., & Janah, U. R. (2022). Cryptocurrency as money: Islamic monetary system perspective. Al-Tahrir: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam, 22(1), 71-94. doi:https://doi.org/10.21154/altahrir.v22i1.3617

    PWNU. (2021). Fatwa Cryptocurrency dan Bursa Kripto.

    Rizvi, S. A. R., & Ali, M. (2022). Do Islamic cryptocurrencies provide diversification opportunities to Indonesian Islamic investors? Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 8(3), 441-454. doi:https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v8i3.1563

    Sacipto, R., Yasin, A., & Syah, A. F. (2023). Government Role Analysis: Cryptocurrencies Review of Theory, Islamic Law and Policy in Indonesia. Paper presented at the Proceeding Of International Conference On Education, Society And Humanity.

    Sajidin, S. (2021). Legalitas penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai alat pembayaran di Indonesia. Arena Hukum, 14(2), 245-267. doi:https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2021.01402.3

    Setiawan, H. (2025). Analysis Of Cryptocurrency As A New Currency With The Maqashid Sharia Approach. Komitmen: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 6(1), 50-61. doi:https://doi.org/10.15575/jim.v6i1.43722

    Shovkhalov, S., & Idrisov, H. (2021). Economic and legal analysis of cryptocurrency: scientific views from Russia and the Muslim world. Laws, 10(2), 32. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/laws10020032

    Sitthipon, T., Kaewpuang, P., Auttawechasakoon, P., Sitthipon, T., Kaewpuang, P., & Auttawechasakoon, P. (2023). A review of cryptocurrency in the digital economy. International Journal of Computing Sciences Research, 7, 1152-1161. doi:https://doi.org/10.25147/ijcsr.2017.001.1.124

    Song, J., Chen, Y., Li, Y., & Sun, Q. (2022). Cryptocurrencies’ Past, Present and Future. Paper presented at the 2022 2nd International Conference on Economic Development and Business Culture (ICEDBC 2022).

    Syafril, S. (2025). The Nexus between Sharia Principles and Banking: Why Islamic Values Matter in Islamic Banking? Bukhori: Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam, 4(2), 95-107. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/bukhori.v4i2.3486

    Tame, Y. S., Marlissa, E. R., & Ngutra, R. N. (2025). Analysis of the Basic Sector and the Contribution of Economic Sectors to Economic Growth in the City of Jayapura. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 3(1), 61-80. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v3i1.5261

    Taufiqurrohman, T. (2022). Potensi Zakat Aset Digital Kripto Legal di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(3), 3083-3090. doi:https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v8i3.6783

    Tektona, R. I., & Safilia, N. U. (2020). Penggunaan Bitcoin Sebagai Alat Pembayaran Zakat Menurut Perspektif Hukum Islam. Adliya: Jurnal Hukum Dan Kemanusiaan, 14(1), 27-40. doi:https://doi.org/10.15575/adliya.v14i1.8542

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  4. Bappebti. (2021). Peraturan Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi tentang pedoman penyelenggaraan perdagangan pasar fisik aset kripto (crypto asset) di bursa berjangka.
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  7. Firman, A., M. (2025). Tinjauan Fiqih Muamalat Atas Zakat Aset Cryptocurrency. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 3(1), 548-558. doi:https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v3i1.1236
  8. Hasan, Z., Syuhada, B., & Indira, N. (2023). Islamic Legal View on Buying and Selling Bitcoin. Jurnal Ekonomi KIAT, 34(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.25299/kiat.2023.12394
  9. Huda, S., Bustami, M. R., Ansori, M., Bustomi, A. A., Maksum, I., Jamil, A. S., . . . Fatihia, W. M. (2025). Exploring the Digital Discourse: Representations and Perceptions of Islam Nusantara in Online Resources. Bukhori: Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam, 5(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/bukhori.v5i1.5159
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