Komitmen dan Realitas: Menjawab Defisit Perlindungan terhadap Anak Pengungsi Tanpa Pendamping di Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.35912/kihan.v3i2.5020
Published: Jul 3, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: To examine the protection challenges faced by unaccompanied refugee children in Indonesia and evaluate the gaps in the country’s legal and policy framework, particularly in light of its obligations under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).

Methodology: This study uses a normative and prescriptive legal analysis to assess Indonesia’s national laws and policies, including Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016, against international human rights standards.

Result: The analysis reveals significant gaps in policy implementation, particularly regarding early identification, risk assessment, and access to basic services such as education, healthcare, and legal aid for unaccompanied refugee children.

Conclusions: Substantive legal reform, institutional capacity building, and stronger collaboration with international organizations and civil society are essential to ensure effective and humane protection based on the best interests of the child.

Limitations: The study is limited to a normative legal analysis and does not include empirical fieldwork or direct perspectives from refugee children or service providers.

Contribution: This article contributes to the discourse on child protection in refugee contexts by offering concrete policy recommendations aligned with international legal standards and rooted in the principles of the CRC, filling a critical gap in the Indonesian legal framework.

Keywords:
1. Child Protection
2. Refugee Law
3. Unaccompanied Refugee Children
Authors:
1 . Johanes De Brito Siga Nono
2 . Daud Yaferson Dollu
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How to Cite
Nono, J. D. B. S., & Dollu, D. Y. (2025). Komitmen dan Realitas: Menjawab Defisit Perlindungan terhadap Anak Pengungsi Tanpa Pendamping di Indonesia. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum Dan Kenegaraan, 3(2), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.35912/kihan.v3i2.5020
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Issue & Section
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Desember
Articles
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References

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    Amin, S., Wihdatunnisa, I., Aisyah, R., & Kurniawan, Y. S. (2024). Potensi Senyawa Kuersetin sebagai Antikanker Payudara melalui Pendekatan Molecular Docking. Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia, 4(1), 41-51. doi:10.35912/jimi.v4i1.4565

    Bani Muhtarom, M., Faizul, M., Siti Jaroyatun, N., & Khoirul, A. (2023). Analisis SWOT Universitas Melaka sebagai Strategi Pengembangan Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surakarta. Studi Ilmu Manajemen Dan Organisasi, 4(2), 87-99. doi:10.35912/simo.v4i2.1942

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    Fahmi, A., Trisulo, T., & Kusumawati, R. (2023). Pendampingan Pengembangan Kapasitas Bisnis Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Nusantara Mengabdi, 2(3), 147-155. doi:10.35912/jnm.v2i3.1892

    Faisol, A., Paujiah, S., Russel, E., & Ramelan, M. R. (2022). Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Penggunaan Aplikasi Digital dalam Perencanaan Bisnis dan Keuangan BUMDes. Jurnal Abdimas Multidisiplin, 1(1), 35-40. doi:10.35912/jamu.v1i1.1438

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    Garcia, M. F., & Birman, D. (2022). Understanding the migration experience of unaccompanied youth: A review of the literature. American journal of orthopsychiatry, 92(1), 79.

    Herawaty, V., Andrian, P. D., & Oktaviani, A. A. (2022). Peningkatan Kompetensi Dasar Akuntansi Kelompok UMKM (Kompeten) di Bekasi. Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 2(2), 109-118. doi:10.35912/yumary.v2i2.937

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    Sarker, B. K., Gain, N., Saha, S. K., Mondal, N. B., & Ifte, I. (2024). A quantitative research of learning habits of secondary school students: An observational study in Dhaka Division. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(2), 117-127. doi:10.35912/jshe.v4i2.1677

    Sawyer, C. B., & Márquez, J. (2017). Senseless violence against Central American unaccompanied minors: historical background and call for help. The Journal of psychology, 151(1), 69-75.

    Suciati, H., Simamora, A. W., Panusunan, P., & Fauzan, F. (2023). Analisa Campuran CPHMA terhadap Penambahan Variasi Aspal Penetrasi 60/70 pada Karakteristik Marshall. Jurnal Teknologi Riset Terapan, 1(2), 75-86. doi:10.35912/jatra.v1i2.2294

    Suyastri, C., & Bahri, M. T. (2023). Legal Gap in Refugee Protection in Non-Signatory Countries: An Evidence From Indonesia.

    Yuliana, Y. (2022). Peningkatan Daya Saing Bisnis melalui Technopreneurship. Reviu Akuntansi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis, 1(2), 103-113. doi:10.35912/rambis.v1i2.556

  1. Aisyah, A., Azharuddin, A., Rizal, S., & Zulkifli, S. (2022). Studi Perbandingan Alat Bukti Saksi dalam KUHAP dan KUHAP Islam. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 1(1), 1-11. doi:10.35912/kihan.v1i1.1338
  2. AK, N., & Mammen, J. T. (2024). Redefining the refugee crisis: Examining the status of climate-induced refugees and internally displaced persons with special reference to India. Christ ULJ, 13, 53.
  3. Alfiyan, A., & Rinova, D. (2024). Policy on Environmental Law Reform in the Context of Environmental Preservation in Bandar Lampung City. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 4(1), 27-33. doi:10.35912/jihham.v4i1.3208
  4. Amin, S., Wihdatunnisa, I., Aisyah, R., & Kurniawan, Y. S. (2024). Potensi Senyawa Kuersetin sebagai Antikanker Payudara melalui Pendekatan Molecular Docking. Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia, 4(1), 41-51. doi:10.35912/jimi.v4i1.4565
  5. Bani Muhtarom, M., Faizul, M., Siti Jaroyatun, N., & Khoirul, A. (2023). Analisis SWOT Universitas Melaka sebagai Strategi Pengembangan Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surakarta. Studi Ilmu Manajemen Dan Organisasi, 4(2), 87-99. doi:10.35912/simo.v4i2.1942
  6. Center, M. M. (2021). A Transit Country No More: Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Indonesia.
  7. D'Angelo, A. (2021). The networked refugee: The role of transnational networks in the journeys across the Mediterranean. Global Networks, 21(3), 487-499.
  8. Fahmi, A., Trisulo, T., & Kusumawati, R. (2023). Pendampingan Pengembangan Kapasitas Bisnis Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Nusantara Mengabdi, 2(3), 147-155. doi:10.35912/jnm.v2i3.1892
  9. Faisol, A., Paujiah, S., Russel, E., & Ramelan, M. R. (2022). Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Penggunaan Aplikasi Digital dalam Perencanaan Bisnis dan Keuangan BUMDes. Jurnal Abdimas Multidisiplin, 1(1), 35-40. doi:10.35912/jamu.v1i1.1438
  10. Fauziah, N. A., Faeni, D. P., & Fikri, A. W. N. (2024). Pengaruh Learning Agility, Eksplorasi Kompetensi, dan Training terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Komitmen. Studi Ilmu Manajemen Dan Organisasi, 5(2), 225-238. doi:10.35912/simo.v5i2.3457
  11. Garcia, M. F., & Birman, D. (2022). Understanding the migration experience of unaccompanied youth: A review of the literature. American journal of orthopsychiatry, 92(1), 79.
  12. Herawaty, V., Andrian, P. D., & Oktaviani, A. A. (2022). Peningkatan Kompetensi Dasar Akuntansi Kelompok UMKM (Kompeten) di Bekasi. Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 2(2), 109-118. doi:10.35912/yumary.v2i2.937
  13. Janmyr, M. (2019). The 1951 refugee convention and non-signatory states: charting a research agenda. International Journal of Refugee Law, 33(2), 188-213.
  14. Mahardika, Z. P. (2019). Peran Negara Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Atas Pendidikan Bagi Pengungsi Anak. Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS, 7(2), 126-147.
  15. Mulya, A. S. (2022). Analisis Faktor yang Memengaruhi Keputusan Agresivitas Transfer Pricing. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 2(1), 71-82. doi:10.35912/sakman.v2i1.1652
  16. Oberg, C., & Sharma, H. (2023). Post-traumatic stress disorder in unaccompanied refugee minors: Prevalence, contributing and protective factors, and effective interventions: A scoping review. Children, 10(6), 941.
  17. Parameshwara, P., & Riza, K. (2023). Tindak Pidana Korupsi dalam Konteks Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi. Jurnal Studi Multidisiplin Ilmu, 1(1), 25-34. doi:10.35912/jasmi.v1i1.1973
  18. Sadjad, M. S. o. (2022). Solidarity and ‘social jealousy’: emotions and affect in Indonesian host society’s situated encounters with refugees. Third World Quarterly, 43(3), 543-560.
  19. Sarker, B. K., Gain, N., Saha, S. K., Mondal, N. B., & Ifte, I. (2024). A quantitative research of learning habits of secondary school students: An observational study in Dhaka Division. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(2), 117-127. doi:10.35912/jshe.v4i2.1677
  20. Sawyer, C. B., & Márquez, J. (2017). Senseless violence against Central American unaccompanied minors: historical background and call for help. The Journal of psychology, 151(1), 69-75.
  21. Suciati, H., Simamora, A. W., Panusunan, P., & Fauzan, F. (2023). Analisa Campuran CPHMA terhadap Penambahan Variasi Aspal Penetrasi 60/70 pada Karakteristik Marshall. Jurnal Teknologi Riset Terapan, 1(2), 75-86. doi:10.35912/jatra.v1i2.2294
  22. Suyastri, C., & Bahri, M. T. (2023). Legal Gap in Refugee Protection in Non-Signatory Countries: An Evidence From Indonesia.
  23. Yuliana, Y. (2022). Peningkatan Daya Saing Bisnis melalui Technopreneurship. Reviu Akuntansi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis, 1(2), 103-113. doi:10.35912/rambis.v1i2.556