Model Participatory Experiential Learning untuk Peningkatan Literasi Investasi Digital Aparatur Pemerintah Daerah

Published: Dec 11, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This community service program aimed to enhance digital investment literacy among employees of the South Sumatra Provincial Communication and Information Office (Diskominfo), particularly millennials and Gen Z, through the application of the Participatory Experiential Learning (PEL) Approach.

Methodology/approach: Findings indicate an overall improvement in digital investment literacy. Significant progress was observed in differentiating between fixed-income and growth-oriented instruments mean score 3.95 to 4.17 and in evaluating portfolio performance from score 3.73 to 4.17. Moderate improvements were found in investment horizon and risk awareness, whereas slight decreases occurred in linking welfare with investment capacity and aligning risk profiles with financial goals.

Results/findings: The findings indicated a significant improvement in participants’ knowledge and skills. The average post-test scores were notably higher than pre-test scores, demonstrating enhanced understanding of financial management and confidence in selecting appropriate digital investment instruments such as mutual funds, stocks, and digital-based financial products.

Conclusions: The PEL approach effectively improved digital investment literacy among young government employees by combining experiential and participatory learning.

Limitations: The study was limited to 33 participants from a single institution, with effectiveness measured only through pre- and post-tests, and without longitudinal evaluation.

Contribution: This program contributes to strengthening digital financial literacy capacity among government employees and provides an experiential learning-based model that may be replicated in similar institutions and communities.

Keywords:
1. Digital Investment
2. Financial Literacy
3. Gen Z
4. Millennials
5. PEL Approach
Authors:
1 . Wiwin Winarsih
2 . Yuni Ekawarti
3 . Aries Veronica
4 . Yeni Alfiana
5 . Sari Mustika Widyastuti
6 . Dwi Yanti
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How to Cite
Winarsih, W., Ekawarti, Y. ., Veronica, A., Alfiana, Y., Widyastuti, S. M., & Yanti, D. (2025). Model Participatory Experiential Learning untuk Peningkatan Literasi Investasi Digital Aparatur Pemerintah Daerah. Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(2), 577–585. Retrieved from https://penerbitgoodwood.com/index.php/jpm/article/view/5512
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Issue & Section
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Desember
Articles
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References

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    Aurangabadkar, H., Patil, P., & Nanda, S. (2024). Security Analysis and Portfolio Management. Academic Guru Publishing House. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=EiIMEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Aurangabadkar,+H.,+Patil,+P.,+%26+Nanda,+S.+(2024).+Security+Analysis+and+Portfolio+Management.+Academic+Guru+Publishing+House&ots=9Qo9KhY_gx&sig=5lY5Lv3j3JS7BfOung51LflCs8A&redir

    Brunner, L., Davoli, M., & Backes-Gellner, U. (2025). Multiple Pathways to Financial Literacy: Evidence on the Impact of Practical Applications of Financial Tasks and Analytical Learning.

    Chang, Y.-H., Lin, J.-Y., & Lu, Y.-T. (2021). Enhancing the intention to preview learning materials and participate in class in the flipped classroom context through the use of handouts and incentivisation with virtual currency. Sustainability, 13(6), 3276. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063276

    Danao, A. B., Enriquez, M. E., Montejo, K. B., Patricio, A., Sonido, M. W., & Ador, Z. (2025). Digital natives: A case study exploring the digital literacy gaps in a Rural High School. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 5(2), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i2.2247

    Das, S. (2024). Financial literacy and education in enhancing financial inclusion and poverty alleviation. In E-Financial Strategies for Advancing Sustainable Development: Fostering Financial Inclusion and Alleviating Poverty (pp. 127–144). Springer.

    Elayan, M. B. (2022). The New World Of Work And Digital Learning: Millennials And Generation Z. Webology, 19(2).

    Fitriningrum, A., Ramadhan, R., & Pulungan, A. H. (2025). Enhancing Cash Management and Financial Literacy in Small Coffee Shop Banda Aceh. Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35912/yumary.v6i1.4164

    Fluri, L., Yilmaz, A., Bieri, D., Ankenbrand, T., & Perucca, A. (2024). Simulating Liquidity: Agent-Based Modeling of Illiquid Markets for Fractional Ownership. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2411.13381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.13381

    Hermans, S., Gijsen, M., Mombaers, T., & Van Petegem, P. (2022). Gendered patterns in students’ motivation profiles regarding iSTEM and STEM test scores: A cluster analysis. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1), 67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00379-3

    Jullien, R., & Kolb, M. (1984). Hierarchical model for chemically limited cluster-cluster aggregation. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 17(12), L639.

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    Kumar, P., Pillai, R., Kumar, N., & Tabash, M. I. (2023). The interplay of skills, digital financial literacy, capability, and autonomy in financial decision making and well-being. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23(1), 169–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.09.012

    Larasandi, D. S., & Satrya, A. (2025). High-performance work systems and psychosocial safety climate influence work engagement through job satisfaction pathways. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(3), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i3.2913

    Liu, P. (2025). Introduction to Quantitative Risk Management. In Quantitative Risk Management Using Python: An Essential Guide for Managing Market, Credit, and Model Risk (pp. 1–29). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-1530-0_1

    Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2023). The importance of financial literacy: Opening a new field. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 37(4), 137–154.

    Maheshwari, H., Samantaray, A. K., Panigrahi, R. R., & Jena, L. K. (2025). Financial literacy in predicting investment decisions: do attitude and overconfidence influence? International Journal of Social Economics, 52(2), 220–235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-05-2023-0370

    Mishra, D., Agarwal, N., Sharahiley, S., & Kandpal, V. (2024). Digital financial literacy and its impact on financial decision-making of women: Evidence from India. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(10), 468. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17100468

    Mitchell, O. S., & Lusardi, A. (2023). Financial literacy and financial behavior at older ages. In The routledge handbook of the economics of ageing (pp. 553–565). Routledge. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1257/jep.37.4.137

    Novaes, A. L. (2025). Participatory and experiential learning methodologies in university extension programs: integration proposal using an application to promote climate action initiatives and active learning. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-08-2024-0525

    OJK. (2025). INDEKS LITERASI DAN INKLUSI KEUANGAN MASYARAKAT MENINGKAT. https://www.mqtv.co.id/indeks-literasi-dan-inklusi-keuangan-masyarakat-meningkat/

    Orsini, N., Thiesmeier, R., & Båge, K. (2024). A simulation-based approach to teach interaction effects in postgraduate biostatistics courses. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 32(4), 395–404. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2024.2394536

    Ramadhan, P. D., & Koryati, D. (2025). Educaplay sebagai Inovasi Game Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran Ekonomi: Solusi Interaktif untuk Generasi Digital. JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(5), 5416–5423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v8i5.7966

    Setyadi, A., Pawirosumarto, S., & Damaris, A. (2025). Enhancing Sustainable Learning through Risk Management and Digital Literacy: The Role of Modern Learning Environments. https://doi.org/https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202503.1239/v1

    Showkat, M., Nagina, R., Baba, M. A., & Yahya, A. T. (2025). The impact of financial literacy on women’s economic empowerment: exploring the mediating role of digital financial services. Cogent Economics & Finance, 13(1), 2440444. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2024.2440444

    Sismiati, S., Sulaiman, S., Usmar, U., Tamrin Lanori, & Susanto, P. C. (2025). Enhancing employee competitiveness: The role mediation of human resources competencies. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i1.2789

    Ssemugenyi, F. (2023). Teaching and learning methods compared: A pedagogical evaluation of problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture methods in developing learners’ cognitive abilities. Cogent Education, 10(1), 2187943. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2187943

    Wandhe, D. P. (2024). The new generation: understanding millennials and Gen Z. Available at SSRN 4716585. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4716585

    Yopie, S., & Febriana, H. (2024). Analyzing project management trends in Indonesia: 2018-2023 international literature review. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 6(2), 197–215. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v6i2.1836

    Zainuri, A., & Huda, M. (2023). Empowering Cooperative Teamwork for Community Service Sustainability: Insights from Service Learning. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054551

    Adem, M. (2023). Impact of income diversification on bank stability: a cross-country analysis. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 8(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-03-2022-0093

    Aurangabadkar, H., Patil, P., & Nanda, S. (2024). Security Analysis and Portfolio Management. Academic Guru Publishing House. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=EiIMEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Aurangabadkar,+H.,+Patil,+P.,+%26+Nanda,+S.+(2024).+Security+Analysis+and+Portfolio+Management.+Academic+Guru+Publishing+House&ots=9Qo9KhY_gx&sig=5lY5Lv3j3JS7BfOung51LflCs8A&redir

    Brunner, L., Davoli, M., & Backes-Gellner, U. (2025). Multiple Pathways to Financial Literacy: Evidence on the Impact of Practical Applications of Financial Tasks and Analytical Learning.

    Chang, Y.-H., Lin, J.-Y., & Lu, Y.-T. (2021). Enhancing the intention to preview learning materials and participate in class in the flipped classroom context through the use of handouts and incentivisation with virtual currency. Sustainability, 13(6), 3276. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063276

    Danao, A. B., Enriquez, M. E., Montejo, K. B., Patricio, A., Sonido, M. W., & Ador, Z. (2025). Digital natives: A case study exploring the digital literacy gaps in a Rural High School. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 5(2), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i2.2247

    Das, S. (2024). Financial literacy and education in enhancing financial inclusion and poverty alleviation. In E-Financial Strategies for Advancing Sustainable Development: Fostering Financial Inclusion and Alleviating Poverty (pp. 127–144). Springer.

    Elayan, M. B. (2022). The New World Of Work And Digital Learning: Millennials And Generation Z. Webology, 19(2).

    Fitriningrum, A., Ramadhan, R., & Pulungan, A. H. (2025). Enhancing Cash Management and Financial Literacy in Small Coffee Shop Banda Aceh. Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35912/yumary.v6i1.4164

    Fluri, L., Yilmaz, A., Bieri, D., Ankenbrand, T., & Perucca, A. (2024). Simulating Liquidity: Agent-Based Modeling of Illiquid Markets for Fractional Ownership. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2411.13381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.13381

    Hermans, S., Gijsen, M., Mombaers, T., & Van Petegem, P. (2022). Gendered patterns in students’ motivation profiles regarding iSTEM and STEM test scores: A cluster analysis. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1), 67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00379-3

    Jullien, R., & Kolb, M. (1984). Hierarchical model for chemically limited cluster-cluster aggregation. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 17(12), L639.

    Kolb, D. A. (2013). Experiential Learning?: Experience As The Source Of Learning And Experiential learning?: experience as the source of learning and development. December.

    Koskelainen, T., Kalmi, P., Scornavacca, E., & Vartiainen, T. (2023). Financial literacy in the digital age—A research agenda. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 57(1), 507–528. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12510

    Kumar, P., Pillai, R., Kumar, N., & Tabash, M. I. (2023). The interplay of skills, digital financial literacy, capability, and autonomy in financial decision making and well-being. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23(1), 169–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.09.012

    Larasandi, D. S., & Satrya, A. (2025). High-performance work systems and psychosocial safety climate influence work engagement through job satisfaction pathways. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(3), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i3.2913

    Liu, P. (2025). Introduction to Quantitative Risk Management. In Quantitative Risk Management Using Python: An Essential Guide for Managing Market, Credit, and Model Risk (pp. 1–29). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-1530-0_1

    Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2023). The importance of financial literacy: Opening a new field. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 37(4), 137–154.

    Maheshwari, H., Samantaray, A. K., Panigrahi, R. R., & Jena, L. K. (2025). Financial literacy in predicting investment decisions: do attitude and overconfidence influence? International Journal of Social Economics, 52(2), 220–235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-05-2023-0370

    Mishra, D., Agarwal, N., Sharahiley, S., & Kandpal, V. (2024). Digital financial literacy and its impact on financial decision-making of women: Evidence from India. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(10), 468. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17100468

    Mitchell, O. S., & Lusardi, A. (2023). Financial literacy and financial behavior at older ages. In The routledge handbook of the economics of ageing (pp. 553–565). Routledge. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1257/jep.37.4.137

    Novaes, A. L. (2025). Participatory and experiential learning methodologies in university extension programs: integration proposal using an application to promote climate action initiatives and active learning. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-08-2024-0525

    OJK. (2025). INDEKS LITERASI DAN INKLUSI KEUANGAN MASYARAKAT MENINGKAT. https://www.mqtv.co.id/indeks-literasi-dan-inklusi-keuangan-masyarakat-meningkat/

    Orsini, N., Thiesmeier, R., & Båge, K. (2024). A simulation-based approach to teach interaction effects in postgraduate biostatistics courses. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 32(4), 395–404. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2024.2394536

    Ramadhan, P. D., & Koryati, D. (2025). Educaplay sebagai Inovasi Game Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran Ekonomi: Solusi Interaktif untuk Generasi Digital. JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(5), 5416–5423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v8i5.7966

    Setyadi, A., Pawirosumarto, S., & Damaris, A. (2025). Enhancing Sustainable Learning through Risk Management and Digital Literacy: The Role of Modern Learning Environments. https://doi.org/https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202503.1239/v1

    Showkat, M., Nagina, R., Baba, M. A., & Yahya, A. T. (2025). The impact of financial literacy on women’s economic empowerment: exploring the mediating role of digital financial services. Cogent Economics & Finance, 13(1), 2440444. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2024.2440444

    Sismiati, S., Sulaiman, S., Usmar, U., Tamrin Lanori, & Susanto, P. C. (2025). Enhancing employee competitiveness: The role mediation of human resources competencies. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i1.2789

    Ssemugenyi, F. (2023). Teaching and learning methods compared: A pedagogical evaluation of problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture methods in developing learners’ cognitive abilities. Cogent Education, 10(1), 2187943. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2187943

    Wandhe, D. P. (2024). The new generation: understanding millennials and Gen Z. Available at SSRN 4716585. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4716585

    Yopie, S., & Febriana, H. (2024). Analyzing project management trends in Indonesia: 2018-2023 international literature review. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 6(2), 197–215. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v6i2.1836

    Zainuri, A., & Huda, M. (2023). Empowering Cooperative Teamwork for Community Service Sustainability: Insights from Service Learning. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054551

  1. Adem, M. (2023). Impact of income diversification on bank stability: a cross-country analysis. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 8(2), 133–144. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-03-2022-0093
  2. Aurangabadkar, H., Patil, P., & Nanda, S. (2024). Security Analysis and Portfolio Management. Academic Guru Publishing House. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=EiIMEQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=Aurangabadkar,+H.,+Patil,+P.,+%26+Nanda,+S.+(2024).+Security+Analysis+and+Portfolio+Management.+Academic+Guru+Publishing+House&ots=9Qo9KhY_gx&sig=5lY5Lv3j3JS7BfOung51LflCs8A&redir
  3. Brunner, L., Davoli, M., & Backes-Gellner, U. (2025). Multiple Pathways to Financial Literacy: Evidence on the Impact of Practical Applications of Financial Tasks and Analytical Learning.
  4. Chang, Y.-H., Lin, J.-Y., & Lu, Y.-T. (2021). Enhancing the intention to preview learning materials and participate in class in the flipped classroom context through the use of handouts and incentivisation with virtual currency. Sustainability, 13(6), 3276. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063276
  5. Danao, A. B., Enriquez, M. E., Montejo, K. B., Patricio, A., Sonido, M. W., & Ador, Z. (2025). Digital natives: A case study exploring the digital literacy gaps in a Rural High School. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 5(2), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v5i2.2247
  6. Das, S. (2024). Financial literacy and education in enhancing financial inclusion and poverty alleviation. In E-Financial Strategies for Advancing Sustainable Development: Fostering Financial Inclusion and Alleviating Poverty (pp. 127–144). Springer.
  7. Elayan, M. B. (2022). The New World Of Work And Digital Learning: Millennials And Generation Z. Webology, 19(2).
  8. Fitriningrum, A., Ramadhan, R., & Pulungan, A. H. (2025). Enhancing Cash Management and Financial Literacy in Small Coffee Shop Banda Aceh. Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 6(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35912/yumary.v6i1.4164
  9. Fluri, L., Yilmaz, A., Bieri, D., Ankenbrand, T., & Perucca, A. (2024). Simulating Liquidity: Agent-Based Modeling of Illiquid Markets for Fractional Ownership. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2411.13381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2411.13381
  10. Hermans, S., Gijsen, M., Mombaers, T., & Van Petegem, P. (2022). Gendered patterns in students’ motivation profiles regarding iSTEM and STEM test scores: A cluster analysis. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1), 67. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00379-3
  11. Jullien, R., & Kolb, M. (1984). Hierarchical model for chemically limited cluster-cluster aggregation. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General, 17(12), L639.
  12. Kolb, D. A. (2013). Experiential Learning?: Experience As The Source Of Learning And Experiential learning?: experience as the source of learning and development. December.
  13. Koskelainen, T., Kalmi, P., Scornavacca, E., & Vartiainen, T. (2023). Financial literacy in the digital age—A research agenda. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 57(1), 507–528. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12510
  14. Kumar, P., Pillai, R., Kumar, N., & Tabash, M. I. (2023). The interplay of skills, digital financial literacy, capability, and autonomy in financial decision making and well-being. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23(1), 169–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.09.012
  15. Larasandi, D. S., & Satrya, A. (2025). High-performance work systems and psychosocial safety climate influence work engagement through job satisfaction pathways. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(3), 817–830. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i3.2913
  16. Liu, P. (2025). Introduction to Quantitative Risk Management. In Quantitative Risk Management Using Python: An Essential Guide for Managing Market, Credit, and Model Risk (pp. 1–29). Springer. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-1530-0_1
  17. Lusardi, A., & Mitchell, O. S. (2023). The importance of financial literacy: Opening a new field. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 37(4), 137–154.
  18. Maheshwari, H., Samantaray, A. K., Panigrahi, R. R., & Jena, L. K. (2025). Financial literacy in predicting investment decisions: do attitude and overconfidence influence? International Journal of Social Economics, 52(2), 220–235. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSE-05-2023-0370
  19. Mishra, D., Agarwal, N., Sharahiley, S., & Kandpal, V. (2024). Digital financial literacy and its impact on financial decision-making of women: Evidence from India. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(10), 468. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17100468
  20. Mitchell, O. S., & Lusardi, A. (2023). Financial literacy and financial behavior at older ages. In The routledge handbook of the economics of ageing (pp. 553–565). Routledge. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1257/jep.37.4.137
  21. Novaes, A. L. (2025). Participatory and experiential learning methodologies in university extension programs: integration proposal using an application to promote climate action initiatives and active learning. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-08-2024-0525
  22. OJK. (2025). INDEKS LITERASI DAN INKLUSI KEUANGAN MASYARAKAT MENINGKAT. https://www.mqtv.co.id/indeks-literasi-dan-inklusi-keuangan-masyarakat-meningkat/
  23. Orsini, N., Thiesmeier, R., & Båge, K. (2024). A simulation-based approach to teach interaction effects in postgraduate biostatistics courses. Journal of Statistics and Data Science Education, 32(4), 395–404. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/26939169.2024.2394536
  24. Ramadhan, P. D., & Koryati, D. (2025). Educaplay sebagai Inovasi Game Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran Ekonomi: Solusi Interaktif untuk Generasi Digital. JIIP-Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(5), 5416–5423. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v8i5.7966
  25. Setyadi, A., Pawirosumarto, S., & Damaris, A. (2025). Enhancing Sustainable Learning through Risk Management and Digital Literacy: The Role of Modern Learning Environments. https://doi.org/https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202503.1239/v1
  26. Showkat, M., Nagina, R., Baba, M. A., & Yahya, A. T. (2025). The impact of financial literacy on women’s economic empowerment: exploring the mediating role of digital financial services. Cogent Economics & Finance, 13(1), 2440444. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2024.2440444
  27. Sismiati, S., Sulaiman, S., Usmar, U., Tamrin Lanori, & Susanto, P. C. (2025). Enhancing employee competitiveness: The role mediation of human resources competencies. Annals of Human Resource Management Research, 5(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.35912/ahrmr.v5i1.2789
  28. Ssemugenyi, F. (2023). Teaching and learning methods compared: A pedagogical evaluation of problem-based learning (PBL) and lecture methods in developing learners’ cognitive abilities. Cogent Education, 10(1), 2187943. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2187943
  29. Wandhe, D. P. (2024). The new generation: understanding millennials and Gen Z. Available at SSRN 4716585. https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4716585
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