Pengenalan Kesejahteraan Hewan sejak Dini pada Tarbiyatul Athfal Hidayatul Mubtadiin Malang secara Daring

Published: Dec 3, 2024

Abstract:

Purpose: This community service activity aimed to provide an early introduction to animal welfare at TA (Tarbiyatul Athfal) Hidayatul Mubtadiin Malang via online.

Methodology: Community service activities were conducted online with 13 participants as 6 years old as second level from TA Hidayatul Mubtadiin Malang, East Java. Before online learning, students were given worksheets (cognitive and numerical English) related to rabbit behavior and the introduction of animal welfare in rabbits. Students fill in worksheets at the same time as the online learning process. After learning, parents were asked to provide responses to questionnaires related to satisfaction with implementing activities. Recaps of TA students' responses and worksheets are then analyzed descriptively using pie charts.

Results: The worksheet showed that TA students could do well in cognitive (80-100 score is 85%) and numeric English (80-100 score is 100%). Parents responded very well (54-69%) and good (23-46%). Online methods for early animal welfare recognition in TA students can work well through learning media technology such as presentations and videos.

Conclusions: The online method for early animal welfare introduction to students of Tarbiyatul Athfal (TA) Hidayatul Mubtadiin Malang can run effectively through the use of educational media technologies such as presentations and videos.

Limitations: The limitations of the service were that the meeting was conducted once, and students' supervised parents gave the answering-answer sheet.

Contribution: Community service contributes to introducing animal welfare in the early stage of education at the kindergarten level that wishes to elevate their respect for animal.

Keywords:
1. Animal Welfare
2. Early
3. Online
4. Malang
5. Rabbit
Authors:
1 . Fajar Shodiq Permata
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0971-6278
2 . Verel Welly Adrian Pranata
3 . Dini Agusti Paramanandi
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3014-9956
How to Cite
Permata, F. S. ., Pranata, V. W. A. ., & Paramanandi, D. A. . (2024). Pengenalan Kesejahteraan Hewan sejak Dini pada Tarbiyatul Athfal Hidayatul Mubtadiin Malang secara Daring . Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(2), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.35912/yumary.v5i2.3076

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References

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    Bukhori, A., Gani, H. A., & Yahya, M. (2024). Digital Module Development of Islamic Education to Improve Student Independence in Learning at Middle School Program. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 2(1), 67-84. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v2i1.1961

    Ciano, J. D., Acerra, J., & Tang, A. (2022). Development of a Remote Learning Educational Model for International Emergency Medicine Trainees in the Era of COVID-19. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-021-00405-1

    Cornish, A., Wilson, B., Raubenheimer, D., & McGreevy, P. (2018). Demographics Regarding Belief in Non-Human Animal Sentience and Emotional Empathy with Animals: A Pilot Study among Attendees of an Animal Welfare Symposium. Animals, 8(10), 174. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8100174

    Falbe, J., Rosner, B., Willett, W. C., Sonneville, K. R., Hu, F. B., & Field, A. E. (2013). Adiposity and Different Types of Screen Time. Pediatrics, 132(6), 1497-1505. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0887

    Ginanjar, Y. E., Yahya, M., & Samana, A. (2024). Development of An Integrative Learning Model for Character Education Based on Islamic Values of The Koran and Hadith in Boarding School. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 2(2), 147-167. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v2i2.2139

    Gondaira, S., Fujiki, J., Hirano, Y., Murata, R., Uchida, I., Usui, M., . . . Higuchi, H. (2022). Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pasteurella multocida Strain Pm1, Isolated from a Calf. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 11(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00042-22

    Inganah, S., Armelia, E. D., & Kusumawardana, A. S. (2022). Efektivitas Penerapan Reciprocal Learning dalam Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 11(2), 918-932. doi:https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v11i2.4628

    Khisbiyah, Y., Prihartanti, N., Thoyibi, M., Purwanto, A., & Izza, Y. H. (2021). The Influence of Environmental Psychoeducation on Children's Empathy Skill in Community Reading Park. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(3), 1010-1019. doi:https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5nS3.1719

    Komorosky, D., & O’Neal, K. K. (2015). The Development of Empathy And Prosocial Behavior Through Humane Education, Restorative Justice, and Animal-Assisted Programs. Contemporary Justice Review, 18(4), 395-406. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2015.1093684

    Kurniati, E., Zaim, M., Jufrizal, & Jufri. (2021). Gadget on Children Language Development. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2nd EAI Bukittinggi International Conference on Education, Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat.

    Lee, S. P., Hamid, S. H. A., & Khalid, N. A. (2023). The Relationship Between Gadget Usage and the Mental Emotional State of Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS, 6(1), 40-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v6i1.288

    Li, X., Zito, S., Sinclair, M., & Phillips, C. J. (2018). Perception of Animal Welfare Issues During Chinese Transport and Slaughter of Livestock by a Sample of Stakeholders in the Industry. Plos One, 13(6). doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197028

    Lubis, R., Bundu, P., & Gani, H. A. (2024). Development of a Learning Model for Islamic Religious Education Based on a Flipbook E-Module for Junior High School Student Achievement. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 2(2), 131-145. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v2i2.2138

    Maria, R., Taufan, J., Gistituati, N., & Marsidin, S. (2021). Implementasi Kebijakan Kepala Sekolah dalam Pembelajaran pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 bagi Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus di MTsN 10 Tanah Datar. Jurnal Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus, 5(2), 89-95. doi:https://doi.org/10.24036/jpkk.v5i2.575

    Mohammed, T. Y., Philip, K. Y., & Labaran, K. (2024). The Influence of Social Media on Students of Second-Cycle Institutions in Tamale and its Implications. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(3), 205-217. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i3.1939

    Muldoon, J. C., & Williams, J. M. (2021). The Challenges and Future Development of Animal Welfare Education in the UK. Animal Welfare, 30(2), 197-209. doi:https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.2.197

    Nanlohy, N. L., Urath, S., Mailuhuw, L. F., & Lerebulan, E. (2021). Evaluasi Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Daring pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di SMP Negeri 7 Tanimbar Selatan. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(12), 2028-2037. doi:https://doi.org/10.36418/japendi.v2i12.395

    Ndoh, U. N., & Umbugadu, M. A. (2024). Multimedia Instructional Materials in Teaching Basic Science Concepts for Students with Hearing Impairment. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(3), 181-192. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i3.1623

    Nunny, L. (2020). Animal Welfare in Predator Control: Lessons from Land and Sea. How the Management of Terrestrial and Marine Mammals Impacts Wild Animal Welfare in Human–Wildlife Conflict Scenarios in Europe. Animals, 10(2), 218. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020218

    Pearce, H., Neill, C. L., Royal, K., & Pairis-Garcia, M. (2023). Can Dogs Help Chickens? Pet Owners’ Willingness to Pay for Animal Welfare-Friendly Pet Food in the United States. Animal Welfare, 32, e. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/awf.2022.3

    Peni, T., Laili, S. I., & Ratnaningsih, T. (2022). Gadget Use Duration and its Impact on Learning Motivation and Social Development of Children. Journal of Ners and Midwifery, 9(3), 303-310. doi:https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v9i3.ART.p296-302

    Permata, F. S., Wardhana, A. W., Pratiwi, H., Pratama, D. A. O. A., Haryo, A., Agustina, G. C., & Marhendra, A. P. W. (2023). Peningkatan Pembelajaran Biologi di Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Kerjasama Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. BIOEDUSAINS: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains, 6(3), 592-601. doi:https://doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v6i2.8034

    Permata, F. S., Wardhana, A. W., Pratiwi, H., Pratama, D. A. O. A., & Mahendra, A. P. W. (2015). Veterinary Anatomy and Histology Approach for High School Biology Lesson of Brawijaya Smart School (BSS) as Initial Veterinary Education. Paper presented at the Proceedings of The 5th Congress of Asian Association of Veterinary Anatomists (Asian AVA) 2015, Bali.

    Primasari, C. H., Sitepu, R. R., Saputra, L. V. Y., Prayogo, T. E. S., Hansel, E., Kristiawan, B. O., & Sedana, I. G. W. (2022). Pelatihan dan Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran pada TK AL-Islam Tambak Bayan Yogyakarta. GIAT: Jurnal Teknologi Untuk Masyarakat, 1(2), 13-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.24002/giat.v1i2.5945

    Puteri, L. F. N., Ariani, & Novita, H. D. (2022). Regulation of The Use of Gadgets During the Covid-19 Pandemic is Needed to Prevent Emotional Problems in Children. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Keluarga, 1(1), 14-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.56674/altera.v1i1.4

    Rahmawati, A., Mualifah, S., Rahmawati, T. F., Istiqomah, D. M., Saifuddin, M. F., & Ma'rifah, D. R. (2022). Analisis Keaktifan Pembelajaran Daring Siswa Kelas XI MIPA I SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta. Diklabio: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Biologi, 6(1), 74-79. doi:https://doi.org/10.33369/diklabio.6.1.74-79

    Saripudin, A. (2017). Strategi Pengembangan Kecerdasan Naturalis pada Anak Usia Dini. AWLADY: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 3(1), 1-18. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/awlady.v3i1.1394

    Schütz, A., Sonntag, W. I., Christoph-Schulz, I., & Faletar, I. (2023). Assessing Citizens’ Views on the Importance of Animal Welfare and Other Sustainability Aspects in Livestock Farming Using Best–Worst Scaling. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2023.1201685

    Sengko, S. N. R., Masnuna, & Romadhona, M. (2023). Komik Sebagai Media Untuk Menyadarkan Remaja Terhadap Isu Kesejahteraan Hewan pada Hewan Jalanan. SYNAKARYA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual, 4(2), 123-136.

    Septoyadi, Z., Candrawati, V. L., & Mahyadien, M. (2021). Analisis Dampak Pembelajaran Daring Bagi Pelajar dalam Membentuk Keaktifan Belajar. Jurnal Educatio, 7(2), 282-290. doi:https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v7i2.1002

    Suryadin, T., & Hidayat, T. (2022). Motivasi Belajar Siswa dan Keterlibatan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Jasmani. Journal Respecs: Research Physical Education and Sports, 4(1), 33-39. doi:https://doi.org/10.31949/respecs.v4i1.1872

    Tobin, C. T., Bailey, D. W., Stephenson, M. B., Trotter, M. G., Knight, C. W., & Faist, A. M. (2022). Opportunities to Monitor Animal Welfare Using the Five Freedoms with Precision Livestock Management on Rangelands. Frontiers in Animal Science, 3. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2022.928514

    Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Associations Between Screen Time and Lower Psychological Well-Being Among Children and Adolescents: Evidence from a Population-Based Study. Preventive medicine reports, 12, 271-283. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003

    Voogt, A. M., Ursinus, W. W., Sijm, D. T., & Bongers, J. H. (2023). From the Five Freedoms to a More Holistic Perspective on Animal Welfare in the Dutch Animals Act. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2023.1026224

    Wahyuni, A. S., Siahaan, F. B., Arfa, M., Alona, I., & Nerdy, N. (2019). The Relationship Between the Duration of Playing Gadget and Mental Emotional State of Elementary School Students. Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, 7(1), 148-151. doi:https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.037

    Zaky, U., Anggara, A., Zakariyah, M., & Fathullah, I. (2022). Poincaré Plot Method for Physiological Analysis of the Gadget Use Effect on Children Stress Level. Jurnal Online Informatika, 7(1), 46-55. doi:https://doi.org/10.15575/join.v7i1.809

  1. Azari, Y., & Syafrini, D. (2021). Problematika Sistem Pembelajaran Kombinasi Daring dan Luring pada Mata Pelajaran Sosiologi Kelas XI IPS di SMA pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Sikola: Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 3(2), 70-81. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sikola.v3i2.163
  2. Bukhori, A., Gani, H. A., & Yahya, M. (2024). Digital Module Development of Islamic Education to Improve Student Independence in Learning at Middle School Program. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 2(1), 67-84. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v2i1.1961
  3. Ciano, J. D., Acerra, J., & Tang, A. (2022). Development of a Remote Learning Educational Model for International Emergency Medicine Trainees in the Era of COVID-19. International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 15(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-021-00405-1
  4. Cornish, A., Wilson, B., Raubenheimer, D., & McGreevy, P. (2018). Demographics Regarding Belief in Non-Human Animal Sentience and Emotional Empathy with Animals: A Pilot Study among Attendees of an Animal Welfare Symposium. Animals, 8(10), 174. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani8100174
  5. Falbe, J., Rosner, B., Willett, W. C., Sonneville, K. R., Hu, F. B., & Field, A. E. (2013). Adiposity and Different Types of Screen Time. Pediatrics, 132(6), 1497-1505. doi:https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0887
  6. Ginanjar, Y. E., Yahya, M., & Samana, A. (2024). Development of An Integrative Learning Model for Character Education Based on Islamic Values of The Koran and Hadith in Boarding School. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 2(2), 147-167. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v2i2.2139
  7. Gondaira, S., Fujiki, J., Hirano, Y., Murata, R., Uchida, I., Usui, M., . . . Higuchi, H. (2022). Whole-Genome Sequencing of Pasteurella multocida Strain Pm1, Isolated from a Calf. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 11(4). doi:https://doi.org/10.1128/mra.00042-22
  8. Inganah, S., Armelia, E. D., & Kusumawardana, A. S. (2022). Efektivitas Penerapan Reciprocal Learning dalam Pembelajaran Daring Selama Pandemi Covid-19. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 11(2), 918-932. doi:https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v11i2.4628
  9. Khisbiyah, Y., Prihartanti, N., Thoyibi, M., Purwanto, A., & Izza, Y. H. (2021). The Influence of Environmental Psychoeducation on Children's Empathy Skill in Community Reading Park. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(3), 1010-1019. doi:https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5nS3.1719
  10. Komorosky, D., & O’Neal, K. K. (2015). The Development of Empathy And Prosocial Behavior Through Humane Education, Restorative Justice, and Animal-Assisted Programs. Contemporary Justice Review, 18(4), 395-406. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2015.1093684
  11. Kurniati, E., Zaim, M., Jufrizal, & Jufri. (2021). Gadget on Children Language Development. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 2nd EAI Bukittinggi International Conference on Education, Bukittinggi, Sumatera Barat.
  12. Lee, S. P., Hamid, S. H. A., & Khalid, N. A. (2023). The Relationship Between Gadget Usage and the Mental Emotional State of Schoolchildren During the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARE SCHOLARS, 6(1), 40-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v6i1.288
  13. Li, X., Zito, S., Sinclair, M., & Phillips, C. J. (2018). Perception of Animal Welfare Issues During Chinese Transport and Slaughter of Livestock by a Sample of Stakeholders in the Industry. Plos One, 13(6). doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0197028
  14. Lubis, R., Bundu, P., & Gani, H. A. (2024). Development of a Learning Model for Islamic Religious Education Based on a Flipbook E-Module for Junior High School Student Achievement. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 2(2), 131-145. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v2i2.2138
  15. Maria, R., Taufan, J., Gistituati, N., & Marsidin, S. (2021). Implementasi Kebijakan Kepala Sekolah dalam Pembelajaran pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 bagi Siswa Berkebutuhan Khusus di MTsN 10 Tanah Datar. Jurnal Pendidikan Kebutuhan Khusus, 5(2), 89-95. doi:https://doi.org/10.24036/jpkk.v5i2.575
  16. Mohammed, T. Y., Philip, K. Y., & Labaran, K. (2024). The Influence of Social Media on Students of Second-Cycle Institutions in Tamale and its Implications. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(3), 205-217. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i3.1939
  17. Muldoon, J. C., & Williams, J. M. (2021). The Challenges and Future Development of Animal Welfare Education in the UK. Animal Welfare, 30(2), 197-209. doi:https://doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.2.197
  18. Nanlohy, N. L., Urath, S., Mailuhuw, L. F., & Lerebulan, E. (2021). Evaluasi Pembelajaran Matematika Berbasis Daring pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di SMP Negeri 7 Tanimbar Selatan. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 2(12), 2028-2037. doi:https://doi.org/10.36418/japendi.v2i12.395
  19. Ndoh, U. N., & Umbugadu, M. A. (2024). Multimedia Instructional Materials in Teaching Basic Science Concepts for Students with Hearing Impairment. Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education, 4(3), 181-192. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v4i3.1623
  20. Nunny, L. (2020). Animal Welfare in Predator Control: Lessons from Land and Sea. How the Management of Terrestrial and Marine Mammals Impacts Wild Animal Welfare in Human–Wildlife Conflict Scenarios in Europe. Animals, 10(2), 218. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020218
  21. Pearce, H., Neill, C. L., Royal, K., & Pairis-Garcia, M. (2023). Can Dogs Help Chickens? Pet Owners’ Willingness to Pay for Animal Welfare-Friendly Pet Food in the United States. Animal Welfare, 32, e. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/awf.2022.3
  22. Peni, T., Laili, S. I., & Ratnaningsih, T. (2022). Gadget Use Duration and its Impact on Learning Motivation and Social Development of Children. Journal of Ners and Midwifery, 9(3), 303-310. doi:https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v9i3.ART.p296-302
  23. Permata, F. S., Wardhana, A. W., Pratiwi, H., Pratama, D. A. O. A., Haryo, A., Agustina, G. C., & Marhendra, A. P. W. (2023). Peningkatan Pembelajaran Biologi di Sekolah Menengah Atas Melalui Kerjasama Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan. BIOEDUSAINS: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi dan Sains, 6(3), 592-601. doi:https://doi.org/10.31539/bioedusains.v6i2.8034
  24. Permata, F. S., Wardhana, A. W., Pratiwi, H., Pratama, D. A. O. A., & Mahendra, A. P. W. (2015). Veterinary Anatomy and Histology Approach for High School Biology Lesson of Brawijaya Smart School (BSS) as Initial Veterinary Education. Paper presented at the Proceedings of The 5th Congress of Asian Association of Veterinary Anatomists (Asian AVA) 2015, Bali.
  25. Primasari, C. H., Sitepu, R. R., Saputra, L. V. Y., Prayogo, T. E. S., Hansel, E., Kristiawan, B. O., & Sedana, I. G. W. (2022). Pelatihan dan Pembuatan Video Pembelajaran pada TK AL-Islam Tambak Bayan Yogyakarta. GIAT: Jurnal Teknologi Untuk Masyarakat, 1(2), 13-24. doi:https://doi.org/10.24002/giat.v1i2.5945
  26. Puteri, L. F. N., Ariani, & Novita, H. D. (2022). Regulation of The Use of Gadgets During the Covid-19 Pandemic is Needed to Prevent Emotional Problems in Children. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran Keluarga, 1(1), 14-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.56674/altera.v1i1.4
  27. Rahmawati, A., Mualifah, S., Rahmawati, T. F., Istiqomah, D. M., Saifuddin, M. F., & Ma'rifah, D. R. (2022). Analisis Keaktifan Pembelajaran Daring Siswa Kelas XI MIPA I SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta. Diklabio: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Biologi, 6(1), 74-79. doi:https://doi.org/10.33369/diklabio.6.1.74-79
  28. Saripudin, A. (2017). Strategi Pengembangan Kecerdasan Naturalis pada Anak Usia Dini. AWLADY: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 3(1), 1-18. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.24235/awlady.v3i1.1394
  29. Schütz, A., Sonntag, W. I., Christoph-Schulz, I., & Faletar, I. (2023). Assessing Citizens’ Views on the Importance of Animal Welfare and Other Sustainability Aspects in Livestock Farming Using Best–Worst Scaling. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2023.1201685
  30. Sengko, S. N. R., Masnuna, & Romadhona, M. (2023). Komik Sebagai Media Untuk Menyadarkan Remaja Terhadap Isu Kesejahteraan Hewan pada Hewan Jalanan. SYNAKARYA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual, 4(2), 123-136.
  31. Septoyadi, Z., Candrawati, V. L., & Mahyadien, M. (2021). Analisis Dampak Pembelajaran Daring Bagi Pelajar dalam Membentuk Keaktifan Belajar. Jurnal Educatio, 7(2), 282-290. doi:https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v7i2.1002
  32. Suryadin, T., & Hidayat, T. (2022). Motivasi Belajar Siswa dan Keterlibatan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Daring Pendidikan Jasmani. Journal Respecs: Research Physical Education and Sports, 4(1), 33-39. doi:https://doi.org/10.31949/respecs.v4i1.1872
  33. Tobin, C. T., Bailey, D. W., Stephenson, M. B., Trotter, M. G., Knight, C. W., & Faist, A. M. (2022). Opportunities to Monitor Animal Welfare Using the Five Freedoms with Precision Livestock Management on Rangelands. Frontiers in Animal Science, 3. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2022.928514
  34. Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Associations Between Screen Time and Lower Psychological Well-Being Among Children and Adolescents: Evidence from a Population-Based Study. Preventive medicine reports, 12, 271-283. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003
  35. Voogt, A. M., Ursinus, W. W., Sijm, D. T., & Bongers, J. H. (2023). From the Five Freedoms to a More Holistic Perspective on Animal Welfare in the Dutch Animals Act. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fanim.2023.1026224
  36. Wahyuni, A. S., Siahaan, F. B., Arfa, M., Alona, I., & Nerdy, N. (2019). The Relationship Between the Duration of Playing Gadget and Mental Emotional State of Elementary School Students. Open access Macedonian journal of medical sciences, 7(1), 148-151. doi:https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.037
  37. Zaky, U., Anggara, A., Zakariyah, M., & Fathullah, I. (2022). Poincaré Plot Method for Physiological Analysis of the Gadget Use Effect on Children Stress Level. Jurnal Online Informatika, 7(1), 46-55. doi:https://doi.org/10.15575/join.v7i1.809