Occupational Asbestos-containing Materials Exposure and Risk of Asbestosis among Construction Workers
Abstract:
Purpose: Asbestos-containing materials are often found at construction sites, and long-term exposure to accumulated asbestos can increase the risk of asbestos-related diseases, including asbestosis. The present study aimed to further describe the exposure to asbestos in construction workers and the risk of asbestosis, as well as the management and prevention of asbestos exposure.
Methodology: The narrative review method was used to conduct this study with a comprehensive literature search of the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar.
Results: According to the review, we finally found that many materials in the construction sector contain asbestos and have the potential to spread asbestos fibers into the air and can be inhaled by workers. Cumulative asbestos exposure that occurs in high doses over a long period of time will cause an increases the risk of asbestos-related diseases, including asbestosis. Apart from asbestos exposure, several other factors, such as genetics, smoking, sex, age, and physiology, are closely related to the occurrence and development of asbestosis. The construction sector has the highest exposure to asbestos compared to other sectors or industries and has a high number of asbestosis cases. Thus, it is necessary to provide precautions for workers, such as the use of adequate personal protective equipment of international standards, the presence of health inspectors, and routine checks on workers' health, as well as management of materials or construction waste containing asbestos.
Limitations: This study is limited to describing general exposure to asbestos-containing materials and the increased risk of asbestosis in construction workers. Future research regarding further analysis of causal factors, management, and prevention of asbestos exposure, as well as case reports and mapping of asbestosis cases, especially in Indonesia, where related research is still limited, may be warranted.
Contribution: This review can be used as a basic reference for conducting further research regarding asbestos exposure to workers and the prevention and management of asbestos-containing materials at construction sites.
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Abós-Herràndiz, R., Rodriguez-Blanco, T., Garcia-Allas, I., Rosell-Murphy, I.-M., Albertí-Casas, C., Tarrés, J., . . . Grimau-Malet, I. (2017). Risk factors of mortality from all asbestos-related diseases: a competing risk analysis. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2017.
Allen, L. P., Baez, J., Stern, M. E. C., Takahashi, K., & George, F. (2018). Trends and the economic effect of asbestos bans and decline in asbestos consumption and production worldwide. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(3), 531.
AM., C. (1988). Nonneoplastic disease caused by asbestos.
Barber, C., & Fishwick, D. (2016). Pneumoconiosis.
Baumgartner, K. B., Samet, J. M., Coultas, D. B., Stidley, C. A., Hunt, W. C., Colby, T. V., . . . Centers, C. (2000). Occupational and environmental risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a multicenter case-control study. American journal of epidemiology, 152(4), 307-315.
Benedetti, S., Nuvoli, B., Catalani, S., & Galati, R. (2015). Reactive oxygen species a double-edged sword for mesothelioma. Oncotarget, 6(19), 16848.
Benvenuto, M., Mattera, R., Taffera, G., Giganti, M. G., Lido, P., Masuelli, L., . . . Bei, R. (2016). The potential protective effects of polyphenols in asbestos-mediated inflammation and carcinogenesis of mesothelium. Nutrients, 8(5), 275.
Boadu, E. F., Okeke, S. R., Boadi, C., Bonsu, E. O., & Addo, I. Y. (2023). Work-related respiratory health conditions among construction workers: a systematic narrative review. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 10(1), e001736.
Bolan, S., Kempton, L., McCarthy, T., Wijesekara, H., Piyathilake, U., Jasemizad, T., . . . Wang, H. (2023). Sustainable management of hazardous asbestos-containing materials: Containment, stabilization and inertization. Science of the total environment, 881, 163456.
Browne, K. (1986). A Threshold for Asbestos Related Lung Cancer.
Campopiano, A., Cannizzaro, A., Olori, A., Angelosanto, F., Ramires, D., Basili, F., . . . Cavariani, F. (2021). Asbestos containing materials in schools of Rome and surrounding area (Italy). Industrial health, 59(6), 436-448.
Cha, Y. K., Kim, J. S., Kim, Y., & Kim, Y. K. (2016). Radiologic diagnosis of asbestosis in Korea. Korean journal of radiology, 17(5), 674.
Chen, M., Tse, L. A., Au, R. K., Ignatius, T., Wang, X.-r., Lao, X.-q., & Au, J. S.-k. (2012). Mesothelioma and lung cancer mortality: a historical cohort study among asbestosis workers in Hong Kong. Lung cancer, 76(2), 165-170.
DeBono, N. L., Warden, H., Logar?Henderson, C., Shakik, S., Dakouo, M., MacLeod, J., & Demers, P. A. (2021). Incidence of mesothelioma and asbestosis by occupation in a diverse workforce. American journal of industrial medicine, 64(6), 476-487.
Dupre?, J. S., & commissioner. (1984). REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON MATTERS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY ARISING FROM THE USE OF ASBESTOS IN ONTARIO.
Frank, A. L. (2020). Global use of asbestos-legitimate and illegitimate issues. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 15, 1-6.
Frank, A. L., & Joshi, T. (2014). The global spread of asbestos. Annals of global health, 80(4), 257-262.
Franko, A., Dolžan, V., Arneri?, N., & Dodi?-Fikfak, M. (2013). The influence of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on the risk of asbestosis. BioMed research international, 2013.
Franzblau, A., Demond, A. H., Sayler, S. K., D'Arcy, H., & Neitzel, R. L. (2020). Asbestos-containing materials in abandoned residential dwellings in Detroit. Science of the total environment, 714, 136580.
Ghani, H. N., & Ridho, F. M. (2024). Identifying and Analyzing Factors Influencing Occupational Accidents in the Construction Sector: A Review of 10-year Research. Pasak: Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Bangunan, 1(2), 34-48.
Govorko, M. H., Fritschi, L., White, J., & Reid, A. (2017). Identifying asbestos-containing materials in homes: Design and development of the ACM Check mobile phone app. JMIR Formative Research, 1(1), e8370.
Gulati, M., & Redlich, C. A. (2015). Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine, 21(2), 193-200.
Gulzar, A., Hassan, T., & Gulzar, R. (2022). Potentially toxic construction materials: An introduction. Ecological and health effects of building materials, 1-11.
Gupta, R. K. (2021). A study on occupational health hazards among construction workers in India. International Journal of Enterprise Network Management, 12(4), 325-339.
Harding, A. H., & Darnton, A. J. (2010). Asbestosis and mesothelioma among British asbestos workers (1971–2005). American journal of industrial medicine, 53(11), 1070-1080.
Horska, A., Kazimirova, A., Barancokova, M., Wsolova, L., Tulinska, J., & Dusinska, M. (2006). Genetic predisposition and health effect of occupational exposure to asbestos. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 27(Suppl 2), 100-103.
J, B., PK, T., & YR, S. (2020). Asbestosis.
Järvholm, B., & Englund, A. (2014). The impact of asbestos exposure in Swedish construction workers. American journal of industrial medicine, 57(1), 49-55.
Jazari, M. D., Jahangiri, M., Khaleghi, H., Abbasi, N., Hassanipour, S., Shakerian, M., & Kamalinia, M. (2018). Prevalence of self-reported work-related illness and injuries among building construction workers, Shiraz, Iran. EXCLI journal, 17, 724.
Kakooei, H., & Normohammadi, M. (2014). Asbestos exposure among construction workers during demolition of old houses in Tehran, Iran. Industrial health, 52(1), 71-77.
Keskitalo, E., Salonen, J., Vähänikkilä, H., & Kaarteenaho, R. (2021). Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models. Occupational and environmental medicine, 78(7), 516-521.
Khatab, K., Felten, M. K., Kandala, N. B., Ghilagaber, G., Gumber, A., & Kraus, T. (2014). Risk factors associated with asbestos-related diseases: Results of the asbestos surveillance programme Aachen. European Medical Journal: respiratory, 1.
Kishimoto, T., Kato, K., Arakawa, H., Ashizawa, K., Inai, K., & Takeshima, Y. (2011). Clinical, radiological, and pathological investigation of asbestosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(3), 899-912.
Kunpeuk, W., Julchoo, S., Phaiyarom, M., Sosom, J., Sinam, P., Sukaew, T., . . . Siriruttanapruk, S. (2021). A Scoping Review on Occupational Exposure of Silica and Asbestos among Industrial Workers in Thailand. Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal, 14(2), 41-51.
Leong, S. L., Zainudin, R., Kazan?Allen, L., & Robinson, B. W. (2015). Asbestos in a sia. Respirology, 20(4), 548-555.
Lestari, A. D., Hairunisa, N., & Ridwan, A. M. (2023). Occupational Asbestos Related Diseases in Indonesia: A Call for Urgent Action and Awareness. Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 224-234.
Lette, A., Ambelu, A., Getahun, T., & Mekonen, S. (2018). A survey of work-related injuries among building construction workers in southwestern Ethiopia. International journal of industrial ergonomics, 68, 57-64.
Li, S., & Wang, H. (2018). Traditional literature review and research synthesis. The Palgrave handbook of applied linguistics research methodology, 123-144.
Luberto, F., Ferrante, D., Silvestri, S., Angelini, A., Cuccaro, F., Nannavecchia, A. M., . . . Cena, T. (2019). Cumulative asbestos exposure and mortality from asbestos related diseases in a pooled analysis of 21 asbestos cement cohorts in Italy. Environmental Health, 18, 1-19.
Matsuzaki, H., Maeda, M., Lee, S., Nishimura, Y., Kumagai-Takei, N., Hayashi, H., . . . Tabata, R. (2012). Asbestos-induced cellular and molecular alteration of immunocompetent cells and their relationship with chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. BioMed research international, 2012.
Mossman, B. T., Lippmann, M., Hesterberg, T. W., Kelsey, K. T., Barchowsky, A., & Bonner, J. C. (2011). Pulmonary endpoints (lung carcinomas and asbestosis) following inhalation exposure to asbestos. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 14(1-4), 76-121.
Musk, A. W., de Klerk, N., Reid, A., Hui, J., Franklin, P., & Brims, F. (2020). Asbestos-related diseases.
Newaz, M. T., Davis, P. R., Jefferies, M., & Pillay, M. (2018). Developing a safety climate factor model in construction research and practice: A systematic review identifying future directions for research. Engineering, construction and architectural management, 25(6), 738-757.
Noonan, C. W. (2017). Environmental asbestos exposure and risk of mesothelioma. Annals of translational medicine, 5(11).
Norbet, C., Joseph, A., Rossi, S. S., Bhalla, S., & Gutierrez, F. R. (2015). Asbestos-related lung disease: a pictorial review. Current problems in diagnostic radiology, 44(4), 371-382.
Organization, W. H. (2018). Asbestos: elimination of asbestos-related diseases.
Paul, J., & Barari, M. (2022). Meta?analysis and traditional systematic literature reviews—What, why, when, where, and how? Psychology & Marketing, 39(6), 1099-1115.
Perkins, R. A., Hargesheimer, J., & Vaara, L. (2008). Evaluation of public and worker exposure due to naturally occurring asbestos in gravel discovered during a road construction project. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5(9), 609-616.
Prevention, C. f. D. C. a. (2009). Malignant Mesothelioma Mortality --- United States, 1999--2005.
Roggli, V. L., Gibbs, A. R., Attanoos, R., Churg, A., Popper, H., Cagle, P., . . . Galvin, J. (2010). Pathology of asbestosis—an update of the diagnostic criteria: report of the Asbestosis Committee of the College of American Pathologists and Pulmonary Pathology Society. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 134(3), 462-480.
Ross, R. M. (2003). The clinical diagnosis of asbestosis in this century requires more than a chest radiograph. Chest, 124(3), 1120-1128.
Sen, D. (2015). Working with asbestos and the possible health risks. Occupational Medicine, 65(1), 6-14.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339.
Solbes, E., & Harper, R. W. (2018). Biological responses to asbestos inhalation and pathogenesis of asbestos-related benign and malignant disease. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 66(4), 721-727.
Staro?, A., Kijania-Kontak, M., Kozak, A., & Banach, M. (2020). Obtaining of oil blocks as a way to manage hazardous asbestos. Waste management, 105, 180-189.
Thives, L. P., Ghisi, E., Júnior, J. J. T., & Vieira, A. S. (2022). Is asbestos still a problem in the world? A current review. Journal of environmental management, 319, 115716.
Timofeeva, S., Ulrikh, D., & Tsvetkun, N. (2017). Professional risks in construction industry. Procedia engineering, 206, 911-917.
Ugolini, D., Neri, M., Ceppi, M., Cesario, A., Dianzani, I., Filiberti, R., . . . Mutti, L. (2008). Genetic susceptibility to malignant mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos: the influence of the familial factor. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 658(3), 162-171.
Vujoviæ, M., Vukoviæ, J., & Beg-Zec, Z. (2003). Malignant and non-malignant asbestos-related pleural and lung disease: 10-year follow-up study. Public Health, 44(5), 618-625.
Walters, G., Robertson, A., Bhomra, P., & Burge, P. (2018). Asbestosis is prevalent in a variety of construction industry trades. NPJ primary care respiratory medicine, 28(1), 11.
Wolff, H., Vehmas, T., Oksa, P., Rantanen, J., & Vainio, H. (2015). Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer, the Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and attribution 2014: recommendations. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 5-15.
Zhong, F., Eiji, Y., Zhi-Ming, W., Mian-Zhen, W., & Ya-Jia, L. (2008). Cancer mortality and asbestosis among workers in an asbestos plant in Chongqing, China. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 21(3), 205-211.
- Abós-Herràndiz, R., Rodriguez-Blanco, T., Garcia-Allas, I., Rosell-Murphy, I.-M., Albertí-Casas, C., Tarrés, J., . . . Grimau-Malet, I. (2017). Risk factors of mortality from all asbestos-related diseases: a competing risk analysis. Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2017.
- Allen, L. P., Baez, J., Stern, M. E. C., Takahashi, K., & George, F. (2018). Trends and the economic effect of asbestos bans and decline in asbestos consumption and production worldwide. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(3), 531.
- AM., C. (1988). Nonneoplastic disease caused by asbestos.
- Barber, C., & Fishwick, D. (2016). Pneumoconiosis.
- Baumgartner, K. B., Samet, J. M., Coultas, D. B., Stidley, C. A., Hunt, W. C., Colby, T. V., . . . Centers, C. (2000). Occupational and environmental risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a multicenter case-control study. American journal of epidemiology, 152(4), 307-315.
- Benedetti, S., Nuvoli, B., Catalani, S., & Galati, R. (2015). Reactive oxygen species a double-edged sword for mesothelioma. Oncotarget, 6(19), 16848.
- Benvenuto, M., Mattera, R., Taffera, G., Giganti, M. G., Lido, P., Masuelli, L., . . . Bei, R. (2016). The potential protective effects of polyphenols in asbestos-mediated inflammation and carcinogenesis of mesothelium. Nutrients, 8(5), 275.
- Boadu, E. F., Okeke, S. R., Boadi, C., Bonsu, E. O., & Addo, I. Y. (2023). Work-related respiratory health conditions among construction workers: a systematic narrative review. BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 10(1), e001736.
- Bolan, S., Kempton, L., McCarthy, T., Wijesekara, H., Piyathilake, U., Jasemizad, T., . . . Wang, H. (2023). Sustainable management of hazardous asbestos-containing materials: Containment, stabilization and inertization. Science of the total environment, 881, 163456.
- Browne, K. (1986). A Threshold for Asbestos Related Lung Cancer.
- Campopiano, A., Cannizzaro, A., Olori, A., Angelosanto, F., Ramires, D., Basili, F., . . . Cavariani, F. (2021). Asbestos containing materials in schools of Rome and surrounding area (Italy). Industrial health, 59(6), 436-448.
- Cha, Y. K., Kim, J. S., Kim, Y., & Kim, Y. K. (2016). Radiologic diagnosis of asbestosis in Korea. Korean journal of radiology, 17(5), 674.
- Chen, M., Tse, L. A., Au, R. K., Ignatius, T., Wang, X.-r., Lao, X.-q., & Au, J. S.-k. (2012). Mesothelioma and lung cancer mortality: a historical cohort study among asbestosis workers in Hong Kong. Lung cancer, 76(2), 165-170.
- DeBono, N. L., Warden, H., Logar?Henderson, C., Shakik, S., Dakouo, M., MacLeod, J., & Demers, P. A. (2021). Incidence of mesothelioma and asbestosis by occupation in a diverse workforce. American journal of industrial medicine, 64(6), 476-487.
- Dupre?, J. S., & commissioner. (1984). REPORT OF THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON MATTERS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY ARISING FROM THE USE OF ASBESTOS IN ONTARIO.
- Frank, A. L. (2020). Global use of asbestos-legitimate and illegitimate issues. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 15, 1-6.
- Frank, A. L., & Joshi, T. (2014). The global spread of asbestos. Annals of global health, 80(4), 257-262.
- Franko, A., Dolžan, V., Arneri?, N., & Dodi?-Fikfak, M. (2013). The influence of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on the risk of asbestosis. BioMed research international, 2013.
- Franzblau, A., Demond, A. H., Sayler, S. K., D'Arcy, H., & Neitzel, R. L. (2020). Asbestos-containing materials in abandoned residential dwellings in Detroit. Science of the total environment, 714, 136580.
- Ghani, H. N., & Ridho, F. M. (2024). Identifying and Analyzing Factors Influencing Occupational Accidents in the Construction Sector: A Review of 10-year Research. Pasak: Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Bangunan, 1(2), 34-48.
- Govorko, M. H., Fritschi, L., White, J., & Reid, A. (2017). Identifying asbestos-containing materials in homes: Design and development of the ACM Check mobile phone app. JMIR Formative Research, 1(1), e8370.
- Gulati, M., & Redlich, C. A. (2015). Asbestosis and environmental causes of usual interstitial pneumonia. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine, 21(2), 193-200.
- Gulzar, A., Hassan, T., & Gulzar, R. (2022). Potentially toxic construction materials: An introduction. Ecological and health effects of building materials, 1-11.
- Gupta, R. K. (2021). A study on occupational health hazards among construction workers in India. International Journal of Enterprise Network Management, 12(4), 325-339.
- Harding, A. H., & Darnton, A. J. (2010). Asbestosis and mesothelioma among British asbestos workers (1971–2005). American journal of industrial medicine, 53(11), 1070-1080.
- Horska, A., Kazimirova, A., Barancokova, M., Wsolova, L., Tulinska, J., & Dusinska, M. (2006). Genetic predisposition and health effect of occupational exposure to asbestos. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 27(Suppl 2), 100-103.
- J, B., PK, T., & YR, S. (2020). Asbestosis.
- Järvholm, B., & Englund, A. (2014). The impact of asbestos exposure in Swedish construction workers. American journal of industrial medicine, 57(1), 49-55.
- Jazari, M. D., Jahangiri, M., Khaleghi, H., Abbasi, N., Hassanipour, S., Shakerian, M., & Kamalinia, M. (2018). Prevalence of self-reported work-related illness and injuries among building construction workers, Shiraz, Iran. EXCLI journal, 17, 724.
- Kakooei, H., & Normohammadi, M. (2014). Asbestos exposure among construction workers during demolition of old houses in Tehran, Iran. Industrial health, 52(1), 71-77.
- Keskitalo, E., Salonen, J., Vähänikkilä, H., & Kaarteenaho, R. (2021). Survival of patients with asbestosis can be assessed by risk-predicting models. Occupational and environmental medicine, 78(7), 516-521.
- Khatab, K., Felten, M. K., Kandala, N. B., Ghilagaber, G., Gumber, A., & Kraus, T. (2014). Risk factors associated with asbestos-related diseases: Results of the asbestos surveillance programme Aachen. European Medical Journal: respiratory, 1.
- Kishimoto, T., Kato, K., Arakawa, H., Ashizawa, K., Inai, K., & Takeshima, Y. (2011). Clinical, radiological, and pathological investigation of asbestosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(3), 899-912.
- Kunpeuk, W., Julchoo, S., Phaiyarom, M., Sosom, J., Sinam, P., Sukaew, T., . . . Siriruttanapruk, S. (2021). A Scoping Review on Occupational Exposure of Silica and Asbestos among Industrial Workers in Thailand. Outbreak, Surveillance, Investigation & Response (OSIR) Journal, 14(2), 41-51.
- Leong, S. L., Zainudin, R., Kazan?Allen, L., & Robinson, B. W. (2015). Asbestos in a sia. Respirology, 20(4), 548-555.
- Lestari, A. D., Hairunisa, N., & Ridwan, A. M. (2023). Occupational Asbestos Related Diseases in Indonesia: A Call for Urgent Action and Awareness. Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 224-234.
- Lette, A., Ambelu, A., Getahun, T., & Mekonen, S. (2018). A survey of work-related injuries among building construction workers in southwestern Ethiopia. International journal of industrial ergonomics, 68, 57-64.
- Li, S., & Wang, H. (2018). Traditional literature review and research synthesis. The Palgrave handbook of applied linguistics research methodology, 123-144.
- Luberto, F., Ferrante, D., Silvestri, S., Angelini, A., Cuccaro, F., Nannavecchia, A. M., . . . Cena, T. (2019). Cumulative asbestos exposure and mortality from asbestos related diseases in a pooled analysis of 21 asbestos cement cohorts in Italy. Environmental Health, 18, 1-19.
- Matsuzaki, H., Maeda, M., Lee, S., Nishimura, Y., Kumagai-Takei, N., Hayashi, H., . . . Tabata, R. (2012). Asbestos-induced cellular and molecular alteration of immunocompetent cells and their relationship with chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. BioMed research international, 2012.
- Mossman, B. T., Lippmann, M., Hesterberg, T. W., Kelsey, K. T., Barchowsky, A., & Bonner, J. C. (2011). Pulmonary endpoints (lung carcinomas and asbestosis) following inhalation exposure to asbestos. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 14(1-4), 76-121.
- Musk, A. W., de Klerk, N., Reid, A., Hui, J., Franklin, P., & Brims, F. (2020). Asbestos-related diseases.
- Newaz, M. T., Davis, P. R., Jefferies, M., & Pillay, M. (2018). Developing a safety climate factor model in construction research and practice: A systematic review identifying future directions for research. Engineering, construction and architectural management, 25(6), 738-757.
- Noonan, C. W. (2017). Environmental asbestos exposure and risk of mesothelioma. Annals of translational medicine, 5(11).
- Norbet, C., Joseph, A., Rossi, S. S., Bhalla, S., & Gutierrez, F. R. (2015). Asbestos-related lung disease: a pictorial review. Current problems in diagnostic radiology, 44(4), 371-382.
- Organization, W. H. (2018). Asbestos: elimination of asbestos-related diseases.
- Paul, J., & Barari, M. (2022). Meta?analysis and traditional systematic literature reviews—What, why, when, where, and how? Psychology & Marketing, 39(6), 1099-1115.
- Perkins, R. A., Hargesheimer, J., & Vaara, L. (2008). Evaluation of public and worker exposure due to naturally occurring asbestos in gravel discovered during a road construction project. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 5(9), 609-616.
- Prevention, C. f. D. C. a. (2009). Malignant Mesothelioma Mortality --- United States, 1999--2005.
- Roggli, V. L., Gibbs, A. R., Attanoos, R., Churg, A., Popper, H., Cagle, P., . . . Galvin, J. (2010). Pathology of asbestosis—an update of the diagnostic criteria: report of the Asbestosis Committee of the College of American Pathologists and Pulmonary Pathology Society. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 134(3), 462-480.
- Ross, R. M. (2003). The clinical diagnosis of asbestosis in this century requires more than a chest radiograph. Chest, 124(3), 1120-1128.
- Sen, D. (2015). Working with asbestos and the possible health risks. Occupational Medicine, 65(1), 6-14.
- Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333-339.
- Solbes, E., & Harper, R. W. (2018). Biological responses to asbestos inhalation and pathogenesis of asbestos-related benign and malignant disease. Journal of Investigative Medicine, 66(4), 721-727.
- Staro?, A., Kijania-Kontak, M., Kozak, A., & Banach, M. (2020). Obtaining of oil blocks as a way to manage hazardous asbestos. Waste management, 105, 180-189.
- Thives, L. P., Ghisi, E., Júnior, J. J. T., & Vieira, A. S. (2022). Is asbestos still a problem in the world? A current review. Journal of environmental management, 319, 115716.
- Timofeeva, S., Ulrikh, D., & Tsvetkun, N. (2017). Professional risks in construction industry. Procedia engineering, 206, 911-917.
- Ugolini, D., Neri, M., Ceppi, M., Cesario, A., Dianzani, I., Filiberti, R., . . . Mutti, L. (2008). Genetic susceptibility to malignant mesothelioma and exposure to asbestos: the influence of the familial factor. Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 658(3), 162-171.
- Vujoviæ, M., Vukoviæ, J., & Beg-Zec, Z. (2003). Malignant and non-malignant asbestos-related pleural and lung disease: 10-year follow-up study. Public Health, 44(5), 618-625.
- Walters, G., Robertson, A., Bhomra, P., & Burge, P. (2018). Asbestosis is prevalent in a variety of construction industry trades. NPJ primary care respiratory medicine, 28(1), 11.
- Wolff, H., Vehmas, T., Oksa, P., Rantanen, J., & Vainio, H. (2015). Asbestos, asbestosis, and cancer, the Helsinki criteria for diagnosis and attribution 2014: recommendations. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 5-15.
- Zhong, F., Eiji, Y., Zhi-Ming, W., Mian-Zhen, W., & Ya-Jia, L. (2008). Cancer mortality and asbestosis among workers in an asbestos plant in Chongqing, China. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 21(3), 205-211.
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