Mechanism of Alkaloids and Flavonoids in Bajakah (Uncaria nervosa Elmer) as Antidiabetic Agents

https://doi.org/10.35912/jimi.v3i1.2296
Published: Sep 8, 2023

Abstract:

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemic resulting from defects of insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. One of the alternative treatments is bajakah which has antidiabetic activity. This study aims to further discuss the potential and mechanism of alkaloids and flavonoids in bajakah as antidiabetic agents.

Method: This study used the literature review method by searching research data on database and 5 articles included for the review.

Results: Alkaloids have antidiabetic activity through inhibition of AR, PTP1B, activating AMPK, inhibiting DDP-4 and AGEs, increasing glucose absorption, regenerating pancreatic beta cells, inhibiting and inducing GLUT-4, GSK-3, SREB-1, ACC, PPAR, and glucokinase mechanisms. Meanwhile, flavonoids have activity in pancreatic beta cell degradation, increasing insulin secretion and sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, glucose absorption through GLUT-2, inhibiting phosphodiesterase, inhibiting alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase enzymes, inhibiting apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells, encouraging proliferation, and lowering blood glucose.

Limitation: The limitation in this study is that it only used the literature review method which has weaknesses in the data studied. Researcher suggests that more rigorous methods be used in further studies to explore the effectiveness of bajakah in lowering blood glucose level and the need for a toxicity test of bajakah to determine therapeutic doses and lethal doses for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Contribution: The findings of this study are expected to be a reference in scientific development in the diabetes mellitus treatment using herbal plants. In addition, it is expected that it can increase further knowledge about the mechanism of bajakah as antidiabetic agents.

Keywords:
1. Antidiabetic
2. Bajakah
3. Diabetes mellitus
4. secondary metabolites
Authors:
Fiki Muhammad Ridho
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-8160
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How to Cite
Ridho, F. M. (2023). Mechanism of Alkaloids and Flavonoids in Bajakah (Uncaria nervosa Elmer) as Antidiabetic Agents. Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia, 3(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.35912/jimi.v3i1.2296
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Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): September
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References

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    Adil, M., Khan, R. A., Kalam, A., Venkata, S. K., Kandhare, A. D., Ghosh, P., & Sharma, M. (2017). Effect of anti-diabetic drugs on bone metabolism: Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Pharmacological Reports, 69(6), 1328–1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHAREP.2017.05.008

    Alexandra, F. D., Frethernety, A., Amiani, W., & Aprelea, R. N. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antihiperglikemia Ekstrak Batang Bajakah Tampala (Uncaria gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb) pada Tikus Diabetes. Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Palangka Raya, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.37304/jkupr.v11i1.8577

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    Mulatsari, E., Mumpuni, E., & Ramadhan, I. (2019). Skrining Virtual dan Elusidasi Moda Ikatan Senyawa dalam Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.) sebagai Penghambat Reseptor Advanced Glycation End Products (Screening Virtual and Binding Mode Elucidation of Compounds in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as an Inhibitor Advanced Glycation End Products Receptor ). JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA, 17(2), 210–217. http://www.tcd.uni-

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    Palermo, A., D’Onofrio, L., Eastell, R., Schwartz, A. V., Pozzilli, P., & Napoli, N. (2015). Oral anti-diabetic drugs and fracture risk, cut to the bone: safe or dangerous? A narrative review. In Osteoporosis International (Vol. 26, Issue 8, pp. 2073–2089). Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3123-0

    Panche, A. N., Diwan, A. D., & Chandra, S. R. (2016). Flavonoids: an overview. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5(c47), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41

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    Ravipati, A. S., Reddy, N., & Koyyalamudi, S. R. (2014). Biologically active compounds from the genus Uncaria (Rubiaceae). Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, 43, 381–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63430-6.00013-8

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    Wang, T., Li, Q., & Bi, K. (2018). Bioactive flavonoids in medicinal plants: Structure, activity and biological fate. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 13(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2017.08.004

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  3. Alexandra, F. D., Frethernety, A., Amiani, W., & Aprelea, R. N. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antihiperglikemia Ekstrak Batang Bajakah Tampala (Uncaria gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb) pada Tikus Diabetes. Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Palangka Raya, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.37304/jkupr.v11i1.8577
  4. Al-Ishaq, R. K., Abotaleb, M., Kubatka, P., Kajo, K., & Büsselberg, D. (2019). Flavonoids and their anti-diabetic effects: Cellular mechanisms and effects to improve blood sugar levels. Biomolecules, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090430
  5. Ardalani, H., Hejazi Amiri, F., Hadipanah, A., & Kongstad, K. T. (2021). Potential antidiabetic phytochemicals in plant roots: a review of in vivo studies. In Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders (Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 1837–1854). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00853-9
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  10. Faoziyah, A. R., Rahmah, N. N., & Febriani, L. (2019). Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Sebagai Obat Tradisional sebagai Alternatif Pengobatan Herbal Pasien Hipertensi dan Diabetes Mellitus. In Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Al-Irsyad: Vol. I (Issue 2).
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