Analisis Keterlibatan Uni Emirat Arab dalam Perang Saudara Sudan Tahun 2023

https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v4i2.4185
Published: Feb 5, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the involvement of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the Sudanese Civil War in 2023. It aims to explore the strategic motivations behind the UAE's actions, the extent of its influence in the conflict, and the impact of its involvement on the political, security, economic, military, and humanitarian dimensions of the war.

Methodology: This study uses a qualitative approach to analyze the United Arab Emirates' (UAE) involvement in the 2023 Sudanese Civil War. Secondary data is collected through a comprehensive literature review, utilizing academic sources, reports from international organizations, credible news outlets, and official documents.

Results: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has utilized illegal gold trade as one of the means to strengthen its position in the conflict and fund military operations. Diplomatically, the UAE has leveraged political power and international relations to influence Sudan's policies and mediate peace processes that benefit its interests.

Limitations: The limitations of this study include the reliance on secondary data sources, which may present biases or incomplete information. Additionally, the dynamic and evolving nature of the Sudanese Civil War in 2023 means that new developments may not be fully captured in this analysis.

Contribution: This study contributes to the understanding of the United Arab Emirates' strategic involvement in the Sudanese Civil War by analyzing its political, military, and economic influence. It offers new insights into how UAE utilizes geopolitical leverage, including gold trade and diplomatic efforts, to advance its regional interests and strengthen its position in the Middle East.

Keywords:
1. United Arab Emirates
2. Sudan Civil War
3. International Politics
4. Regional Conflict
5. Stability
Authors:
1 . Nathanael Siburian
2 . Indrawati Indrawati
View PDF
How to Cite
Siburian, N. ., & Indrawati, I. . (2025). Analisis Keterlibatan Uni Emirat Arab dalam Perang Saudara Sudan Tahun 2023 . Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 4(2), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v4i2.4185
Download Citation
  1. Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  2. BibTeX

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Issue & Section
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Desember
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

    Arbar, T. F. (2023). UEA Disebut Terlibat dalam Perang Saudara di Negara Arab Ini. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20231222151024-4-499612/uea-disebut-terlibat-dalam-perang-saudara-di-negara-arab-ini

    Ayuningrum, M. (2018). Peran Karakteristik Pemimpin Sudan dalam Kasus Penolakan Agensi Kemanusiaan Asing Tahun 2009 pada Konflik Darfur. Jurnal Analisis Hubungan Internasional, 7(2), 47.

    Bassim, M. (2024). Sudan envoy: UAE fuelling conflict in Sudan. Middle East Monitor. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20241108-sudan-envoy-uae-fuelling-conflict-in-sudan/

    Cafiero, G. (2023). In Sudan, a Saudi Arabia-UAE rivalry intensifies. The New Arab. https://www.newarab.com/analysis/sudan-saudi-arabia-uae-rivalry-intensifies

    Cahyati, P. (2017). Analisis Konflik Sudan dan Sudan Selatan. Journal of International Relations, 3(4), 84–95.

    Chibelushi, W. (2023). Banjir Libia: Ketika bencana yang tewaskan ribuan orang diperparah sengketa politik. BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-66807356

    Ching, N. (2024). US urges certain ‘negative actors’ not to fuel Sudan’s civil war. VOA News. https://www.voanews.com/a/us-urges-certain-negative-actors-not-to-fuel-sudan-s-civil-war/7759310.html

    Darwich, M. (2024). Sudan is burning and foreign powers are benefiting – what’s in it for the UAE. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/sudan-is-burning-and-foreign-powers-are-benefiting-whats-in-it-for-the-uae-238695

    Dharmapati, S. P., Palguna, I. D. G., & Arsika, I. M. B. (2015). Keabsahan Sudan Selatan Sebagai Negara Merdeka Baru Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional. Jurnal Kerta Negara, 3(3)., 1–5.

    Elizabeth, V. (2021). Penanggulangan Perang Saudara Antara Etnis Arab Dengan Etnis Afrika Di Sudan. Seri Seminar Nasional Ke-III Universitas Tarumanagara Tahun 2021 Nilai Budaya Indigenous Sebagai Pendukung Sustainable Development Di Era Industri 4.0., 867–874.

    Giudice, V. (2024). Sudan’s Civil War: A Battleground for UAE’s Ambitions. EPIS Think Tank.

    Ibrahim, E. (2023). The UAE Must Stop Stoking War in Sudan. The National Interest. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/uae-must-stop-stoking-war-sudan-206831

    Izzurrahman, M. H., & Machmudi, Y. (2024). the Crisis of Democracy: an Empirical Assessment of Sudan After the Fall of Omar Bashir. Jurnal CMES, 17(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.20961/cmes.17.1.86471

    Jeremy, B., & Indrawati, I. (2022). Upaya Indonesia Menjadi Tuan Rumah Pertemuan International Monetary Fund – World Bank Tahun 2018. Global Insight Journal, 7(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.52447/gij.v7i1.5928

    Junaidi, K., & Artikel, R. (2022). Analisis Kebijakan Pendidikan di Afrika Utara (Mesri dan Sudan) INFO ARTIKEL ABSTRAK. Instructional Development Journal (IDJ), 5(1), 12–23.

    Khairunnisa, B. W. (2023). Conflict Resolution In Sudan And Its Impacts On The International Scale. El Tarikh?: Journal of History, Culture and Islamic Civilization, 4(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.24042/jhcc.v4i2.18435

    Khoirunnisa, K., Matthew, B., Jubaidi, D., & Nugroho, A. Y. (2024). The Ukraine-Russia Conflict: An International Humanitarian Law Review Of The Involvement Of Foreign Fighters. SSRN 5034705, 1–21.

    Laqzmitha, F., & Yumitro, G. (2023). Demokratisasi Negara Sudan Pasca Berakhirnya Pemerintahan Islam. Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 15(2), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.32734/politeia.v15i2.11465

    Lumintosari, F. R., Lumintosari, F. R., & Lumintosari, F. R. (2021). Peran Unchr Dalam Permasalahan Pengungsi Konflik Ethiophia-Tigray. Global Mind, 3(2), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.53675/jgm.v3i2.292

    Lutvihana, Y., & Kusuma, A. (2023). Mengurai Proses Sekuritisasi Krisis Iklim di Sudan Selatan Tahun 2016-2021. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 16(2), 393–411. https://doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v16i2.51292

    Mahjoub, H. (2024). It’s an open secret: the UAE is fuelling Sudan’s war – and there’ll be no peace until we call it out. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/may/24/uae-sudan-war-peace-emirates-uk-us-officials

    Mathew, M. J. (2024). The UAE’s Role in the Sudan Crisis: Geopolitical Ambitions Amid Humanitarian Despair. Chintan India Foundation.

    MEE correspondent. (2019). Huge Sudanese losses in Yemen highlight fighters’ role in the conflict. Middle East Eye.

    Mohammed, F. (2023). Crisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help. International Rescue Committee. https://www.rescue.org/article/crisis-sudan-what-happening-and-how-help

    Morgenthau, H. J. (1985). Politics among nations?: the struggle for power and peace (Sixth). Knopf?: Distributed by Random House.

    Musa, M. M. (2022). Adinugraha Thought: Textual and Contextual Approaches in Understanding Islamic Studies to Deal with Life Problems. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 2(2), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v2i2.1685

    Najmasani, N. (2023). Kebijakan Poitik Luar Negri UEA dalam Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik dengan Israel. ResearchGate, July.

    Natamiharja, R., Dwi Anugrah Panjaitan, O., Setiawan, I., & Lampung, U. (2025). Arbitrase Internasional: Evaluasi Efektivitasnya sebagai Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Alternatif (International Arbitration: An Evaluation of Its Effectiveness as an Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism). Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia (JIHHAM), 4(2), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i2.3297

    Nindar, W., Permata, D., & Octavia, A. M. (2023). Upaya resolusi konflik perang saudara somalia. Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik, 5, 90–95.

    Nugraha, A., Sinaga, O., & Dermawan, W. (2022). Kontradiksi Perilaku Republik Rakyat China di Asia Tenggara: Geopolitik dan Kepentingan Nasional. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 2(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v2i2.1843

    Nugroho, A. Y. (2019). Global Insight Journal. Global Insight Journal, 04(01), 45–59.

    Ochieng, B. (2023). Apa yang terjadi di Sudan: Perang bintang paramiliter dan militer yang mengakibatkan nyaris 100 tewas dan ribuan luka-luka. BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-65297964

    Plano, J. C., & Olton, R. (1988). The International Relations Dictionary (Fourth). Clio Press Ltd.

    Pradana, E., Sudrajat, S., Nauli, P., & Yuliansyah, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Political Connection terhadap Cumulative Abnormal Return dan Trading Volume Activity pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan Dan Akuntabilitas, 1(1), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v1i1.290

    Prendergast, J., & Lake, A. (2024). The UAE’s secret war in Sudan. https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/the-uae-s-secret-war-in-sudan

    RA, F. R., Dermawan, W., & Akim. (2019). Pendekatan Negosiasi Konflik dalam Resolusi Konflik di Sudan Selatan. Jurnal ICMES, 3(1), 53–74.

    Redaction Africanews. (2024). Sudan signs $6 billion UAE deal for new Red Sea port. Afirica News. https://www.africanews.com/2022/12/14/sudan-signs-6-billion-uae-deal-for-new-red-sea-port/

    Rickett, O. (2024). How the UAE kept the Sudan war raging. African Arguments. https://africanarguments.org/2024/02/how-the-uae-kept-the-sudan-war-raging/

    Salma, S. R. (2022). Media Power and the Rule of Law in the Rise of New Despotism: Lesson Learned from Indonesia, China, Russia, and Iran. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 2(2), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v2i2.1890

    Setyawan, F. Hardi. dan S. (2015). Gerakan Separatis Sudan’s People Liberation Army (SPLA) di Sudan. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, XII((1)), 1–13.

    Sidhu, A. (2024). UAE: A New Player in African Geopolitics. Geopolitical Monitor. https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.Com/Uae-An-Emergent-Player-In-African-Geopolitics/

    Sihombing, G. M. S. N. (2016). Peran Unicef Dalam Mengatasi Perekrutan Tentara Anak Di Darfur, Sudan Periode 2003-2005. Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro, 2(June), 96–106.

    Staff, D. S. (2024). Sudan timeline April-June 2024: Sudan war ‘remains overlooked by international community.’ DABANGA SUDAN. https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-timeline-april-june-2024-sudan-war-remains-overlooked-by-international-community

    Staff, M. (2023). Sudan timeline: From the fall of Bashir to street-fighting in Khartoum. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-turmoil-bashir-fall-fighting-khartoum-timeline

    Tobin, J. (2024). Civil war in Sudan: Is there a path to peace? House of Lords Library. https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/civil-war-in-sudan-is-there-a-path-to-peace/

    Townsend, M. (2024). ‘Smoking gun’ evidence points to UAE involvement in Sudan civil war. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/jul/25/smoking-gun-evidence-points-to-uae-involvement-in-sudan-civil-war

    Viroli, M. (1998). MACHIAVELLI (First). Oxfod University Press.

    Yordan Gunawan. (2024). Civil War in South Sudan: Conflict Resolution through Mediation by the African Union. Jurnal JurisPrudence, 14(1), 98–107. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v14i1.4224

    Yulianti, D., Dermawan, W., & Yudistira, M. A. (2024). Analisis Kegagalan Consociational Approach dalam Perjanjian Naivasha Sudan. Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations, 6(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.24198/padjir.v6i1.40789

  1. Arbar, T. F. (2023). UEA Disebut Terlibat dalam Perang Saudara di Negara Arab Ini. CNBC Indonesia. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20231222151024-4-499612/uea-disebut-terlibat-dalam-perang-saudara-di-negara-arab-ini
  2. Ayuningrum, M. (2018). Peran Karakteristik Pemimpin Sudan dalam Kasus Penolakan Agensi Kemanusiaan Asing Tahun 2009 pada Konflik Darfur. Jurnal Analisis Hubungan Internasional, 7(2), 47.
  3. Bassim, M. (2024). Sudan envoy: UAE fuelling conflict in Sudan. Middle East Monitor. https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20241108-sudan-envoy-uae-fuelling-conflict-in-sudan/
  4. Cafiero, G. (2023). In Sudan, a Saudi Arabia-UAE rivalry intensifies. The New Arab. https://www.newarab.com/analysis/sudan-saudi-arabia-uae-rivalry-intensifies
  5. Cahyati, P. (2017). Analisis Konflik Sudan dan Sudan Selatan. Journal of International Relations, 3(4), 84–95.
  6. Chibelushi, W. (2023). Banjir Libia: Ketika bencana yang tewaskan ribuan orang diperparah sengketa politik. BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-66807356
  7. Ching, N. (2024). US urges certain ‘negative actors’ not to fuel Sudan’s civil war. VOA News. https://www.voanews.com/a/us-urges-certain-negative-actors-not-to-fuel-sudan-s-civil-war/7759310.html
  8. Darwich, M. (2024). Sudan is burning and foreign powers are benefiting – what’s in it for the UAE. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/sudan-is-burning-and-foreign-powers-are-benefiting-whats-in-it-for-the-uae-238695
  9. Dharmapati, S. P., Palguna, I. D. G., & Arsika, I. M. B. (2015). Keabsahan Sudan Selatan Sebagai Negara Merdeka Baru Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional. Jurnal Kerta Negara, 3(3)., 1–5.
  10. Elizabeth, V. (2021). Penanggulangan Perang Saudara Antara Etnis Arab Dengan Etnis Afrika Di Sudan. Seri Seminar Nasional Ke-III Universitas Tarumanagara Tahun 2021 Nilai Budaya Indigenous Sebagai Pendukung Sustainable Development Di Era Industri 4.0., 867–874.
  11. Giudice, V. (2024). Sudan’s Civil War: A Battleground for UAE’s Ambitions. EPIS Think Tank.
  12. Ibrahim, E. (2023). The UAE Must Stop Stoking War in Sudan. The National Interest. https://nationalinterest.org/feature/uae-must-stop-stoking-war-sudan-206831
  13. Izzurrahman, M. H., & Machmudi, Y. (2024). the Crisis of Democracy: an Empirical Assessment of Sudan After the Fall of Omar Bashir. Jurnal CMES, 17(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.20961/cmes.17.1.86471
  14. Jeremy, B., & Indrawati, I. (2022). Upaya Indonesia Menjadi Tuan Rumah Pertemuan International Monetary Fund – World Bank Tahun 2018. Global Insight Journal, 7(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.52447/gij.v7i1.5928
  15. Junaidi, K., & Artikel, R. (2022). Analisis Kebijakan Pendidikan di Afrika Utara (Mesri dan Sudan) INFO ARTIKEL ABSTRAK. Instructional Development Journal (IDJ), 5(1), 12–23.
  16. Khairunnisa, B. W. (2023). Conflict Resolution In Sudan And Its Impacts On The International Scale. El Tarikh?: Journal of History, Culture and Islamic Civilization, 4(2), 87. https://doi.org/10.24042/jhcc.v4i2.18435
  17. Khoirunnisa, K., Matthew, B., Jubaidi, D., & Nugroho, A. Y. (2024). The Ukraine-Russia Conflict: An International Humanitarian Law Review Of The Involvement Of Foreign Fighters. SSRN 5034705, 1–21.
  18. Laqzmitha, F., & Yumitro, G. (2023). Demokratisasi Negara Sudan Pasca Berakhirnya Pemerintahan Islam. Politeia: Jurnal Ilmu Politik, 15(2), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.32734/politeia.v15i2.11465
  19. Lumintosari, F. R., Lumintosari, F. R., & Lumintosari, F. R. (2021). Peran Unchr Dalam Permasalahan Pengungsi Konflik Ethiophia-Tigray. Global Mind, 3(2), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.53675/jgm.v3i2.292
  20. Lutvihana, Y., & Kusuma, A. (2023). Mengurai Proses Sekuritisasi Krisis Iklim di Sudan Selatan Tahun 2016-2021. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, 16(2), 393–411. https://doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v16i2.51292
  21. Mahjoub, H. (2024). It’s an open secret: the UAE is fuelling Sudan’s war – and there’ll be no peace until we call it out. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/article/2024/may/24/uae-sudan-war-peace-emirates-uk-us-officials
  22. Mathew, M. J. (2024). The UAE’s Role in the Sudan Crisis: Geopolitical Ambitions Amid Humanitarian Despair. Chintan India Foundation.
  23. MEE correspondent. (2019). Huge Sudanese losses in Yemen highlight fighters’ role in the conflict. Middle East Eye.
  24. Mohammed, F. (2023). Crisis in Sudan: What is happening and how to help. International Rescue Committee. https://www.rescue.org/article/crisis-sudan-what-happening-and-how-help
  25. Morgenthau, H. J. (1985). Politics among nations?: the struggle for power and peace (Sixth). Knopf?: Distributed by Random House.
  26. Musa, M. M. (2022). Adinugraha Thought: Textual and Contextual Approaches in Understanding Islamic Studies to Deal with Life Problems. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 2(2), 93–99. https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v2i2.1685
  27. Najmasani, N. (2023). Kebijakan Poitik Luar Negri UEA dalam Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik dengan Israel. ResearchGate, July.
  28. Natamiharja, R., Dwi Anugrah Panjaitan, O., Setiawan, I., & Lampung, U. (2025). Arbitrase Internasional: Evaluasi Efektivitasnya sebagai Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Alternatif (International Arbitration: An Evaluation of Its Effectiveness as an Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism). Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia (JIHHAM), 4(2), 83–89. https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i2.3297
  29. Nindar, W., Permata, D., & Octavia, A. M. (2023). Upaya resolusi konflik perang saudara somalia. Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik, 5, 90–95.
  30. Nugraha, A., Sinaga, O., & Dermawan, W. (2022). Kontradiksi Perilaku Republik Rakyat China di Asia Tenggara: Geopolitik dan Kepentingan Nasional. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 2(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v2i2.1843
  31. Nugroho, A. Y. (2019). Global Insight Journal. Global Insight Journal, 04(01), 45–59.
  32. Ochieng, B. (2023). Apa yang terjadi di Sudan: Perang bintang paramiliter dan militer yang mengakibatkan nyaris 100 tewas dan ribuan luka-luka. BBC News Indonesia. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-65297964
  33. Plano, J. C., & Olton, R. (1988). The International Relations Dictionary (Fourth). Clio Press Ltd.
  34. Pradana, E., Sudrajat, S., Nauli, P., & Yuliansyah, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Political Connection terhadap Cumulative Abnormal Return dan Trading Volume Activity pada Pemilihan Presiden 2019. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan Dan Akuntabilitas, 1(1), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.35912/jastaka.v1i1.290
  35. Prendergast, J., & Lake, A. (2024). The UAE’s secret war in Sudan. https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/the-uae-s-secret-war-in-sudan
  36. RA, F. R., Dermawan, W., & Akim. (2019). Pendekatan Negosiasi Konflik dalam Resolusi Konflik di Sudan Selatan. Jurnal ICMES, 3(1), 53–74.
  37. Redaction Africanews. (2024). Sudan signs $6 billion UAE deal for new Red Sea port. Afirica News. https://www.africanews.com/2022/12/14/sudan-signs-6-billion-uae-deal-for-new-red-sea-port/
  38. Rickett, O. (2024). How the UAE kept the Sudan war raging. African Arguments. https://africanarguments.org/2024/02/how-the-uae-kept-the-sudan-war-raging/
  39. Salma, S. R. (2022). Media Power and the Rule of Law in the Rise of New Despotism: Lesson Learned from Indonesia, China, Russia, and Iran. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 2(2), 113–129. https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v2i2.1890
  40. Setyawan, F. Hardi. dan S. (2015). Gerakan Separatis Sudan’s People Liberation Army (SPLA) di Sudan. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional, XII((1)), 1–13.
  41. Sidhu, A. (2024). UAE: A New Player in African Geopolitics. Geopolitical Monitor. https://www.geopoliticalmonitor.Com/Uae-An-Emergent-Player-In-African-Geopolitics/
  42. Sihombing, G. M. S. N. (2016). Peran Unicef Dalam Mengatasi Perekrutan Tentara Anak Di Darfur, Sudan Periode 2003-2005. Journal of International Relations Universitas Diponegoro, 2(June), 96–106.
  43. Staff, D. S. (2024). Sudan timeline April-June 2024: Sudan war ‘remains overlooked by international community.’ DABANGA SUDAN. https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-timeline-april-june-2024-sudan-war-remains-overlooked-by-international-community
  44. Staff, M. (2023). Sudan timeline: From the fall of Bashir to street-fighting in Khartoum. Middle East Eye. https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sudan-turmoil-bashir-fall-fighting-khartoum-timeline
  45. Tobin, J. (2024). Civil war in Sudan: Is there a path to peace? House of Lords Library. https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/civil-war-in-sudan-is-there-a-path-to-peace/
  46. Townsend, M. (2024). ‘Smoking gun’ evidence points to UAE involvement in Sudan civil war. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/article/2024/jul/25/smoking-gun-evidence-points-to-uae-involvement-in-sudan-civil-war
  47. Viroli, M. (1998). MACHIAVELLI (First). Oxfod University Press.
  48. Yordan Gunawan. (2024). Civil War in South Sudan: Conflict Resolution through Mediation by the African Union. Jurnal JurisPrudence, 14(1), 98–107. https://doi.org/10.23917/jurisprudence.v14i1.4224
  49. Yulianti, D., Dermawan, W., & Yudistira, M. A. (2024). Analisis Kegagalan Consociational Approach dalam Perjanjian Naivasha Sudan. Padjadjaran Journal of International Relations, 6(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.24198/padjir.v6i1.40789