Penyuluhan Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) di Desa Adainasnosen Kabupaten Biak Numfor
Abstract:
Purpose: To educate and enhance the knowledge of the community in Adainasnosen village, located in Biak Numfor Regency, Papua Province, regarding the dangers of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).
Methodology: Planned and structured counseling sessions were conducted by lecturers and students, accompanied by simple laboratory tests for the Adainasnosen village community, including the examination parameters of Blood Pressure (BP), Uric Acid, Hemoglobin (Hb), Cholesterol, and Blood Sugar.
Results: Some members of the village community were found to need an immediate change in lifestyle towards a healthier direction because several laboratory examination parameters were above normal levels. Regular counseling and examinations related to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) must be implemented to effectively and comprehensively prevent these diseases.
Limitations: Tools and materials fundamental for counseling inspections are limited. Hopefully, in the future, better inspection tools with a larger quantity can be utilized, enabling outreach to a greater number of village communities.
Contribution: This inspection has benefits in raising awareness among the community in Adainanosen Village, Biak Numfor Regency, regarding the prevention of noncommunicable diseases.
Downloads

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Aas, A. M., Axelsen, M., Churuangsuk, C., Hermansen, K., Kendall, C. W. C., Kahleova, H., Khan, T., Lean, M. E. J., Mann, J. I., Pedersen, E., Pfeiffer, A., Raheli?, D., Reynolds, A. N., Risérus, U., Rivellese, A. A., Salas-Salvadó, J., Schwab, U., Sievenpiper, J. L., Thanopoulou, A., & Uusitupa, E. M. (2023). Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia, 66(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05894-8
Aini, N. I., & Agustriyani, F. (2022). Pengaruh Senam Prolanis terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Penderita DM Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Pakuan Aji Lampung Timur 2021. Ners Akademika, 1(1), 29–32. https://doi.org/10.35912/nersakademika.v1i1.1762
Astannudinsyah, Rusmegawati, & Negara, C. K. (2020). Jurnal Medika Karya Ilmiah Kesehatan Vol 5, No.2. 2020 ISSN?: Medika Karya Ilmiah Kesehatan, 5(2).
Banatvala, N., Nakanjako, A., & Webb, D. (2023). NCDs and sustainable development. In Noncommunicable Diseases: A Compendium. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003306689-4
Barszcz, G., Bartusik-Aebisher, D., & Aebisher, D. (2023). Insulin. In The Biochemical Guide to Hormones. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12866_9
Bhattacharya, S., Heidler, P., & Varshney, S. (2023). Incorporating neglected non-communicable diseases into the national health program—A review. In Frontiers in Public Health (Vol. 10). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1093170
Bonino, B., Leoncini, G., Russo, E., Pontremoli, R., & Viazzi, F. (2020). Uric acid in CKD: has the jury come to the verdict? In Journal of Nephrology (Vol. 33, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00702-7
Cai, L., Liu, Y., & He, L. (2022). Investigating genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being. General Psychiatry, 35(5). https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2022-100877
Chamberlain, J. J., Doyle-Delgado, K., Peterson, L., & Skolnik, N. (2019). Diabetes technology: Review of the 2019 American Diabetes Association standards of medical care in diabetes. In Annals of Internal Medicine (Vol. 171, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-1638
Choi, H. K., Liu, S., & Curhan, G. (2005). Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: The third national health and nutrition examination survey. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20761
Coates, M. M., Kintu, A., Gupta, N., Wroe, E. B., Adler, A. J., Kwan, G. F., Park, P. H., Rajbhandari, R., Byrne, A. L., Casey, D. C., & Bukhman, G. (2020). Burden of non-communicable diseases from infectious causes in 2017: a modelling study. The Lancet Global Health, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30358-2
Demiray, A., Afsar, B., Covic, A., Kuwabara, M., Ferro, C. J., Lanaspa, M. A., Johnson, R. J., & Kanbay, M. (2022). The Role of Uric Acid in the Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review. In Angiology (Vol. 73, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1177/00033197211012546
Grao-Cruces, E., Varela, L. M., Martin, M. E., Bermudez, B., & Montserrat-De la Paz, S. (2021). High-density lipoproteins and mediterranean diet: A systematic review. Nutrients, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030955
Iqbal, A. M. I., & Jamal, S. F. (2023). Essential Hypertension. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30969681/
Istyanto, F. (2023). Konsep Dasar Epidemiologi (1st ed.). CV. Dewa Publishing. https://dewapublishing.com/book/konsep-dasar-epidemiologi/
Istyanto, F., Mudigdo, A., & Rahardjo, S. S. (2019). Path Analysis on the Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Hypertension. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 4(2), 70–80. https://www.jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/127
Johnson, R. J., Bakris, G. L., Borghi, C., Chonchol, M. B., Feldman, D., Lanaspa, M. A., Merriman, T. R., Moe, O. W., Mount, D. B., Sanchez Lozada, L. G., Stahl, E., Weiner, D. E., & Chertow, G. M. (2018). Hyperuricemia, Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Report of a Scientific Workshop Organized by the National Kidney Foundation. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 71(6). https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.12.009
Johnson, R. J., Nakagawa, T., Sanchez-Lozada, L. G., Shafiu, M., Sundaram, S., Le, M., Ishimoto, T., Sautin, Y. Y., & Lanaspa, M. A. (2013). Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity. In Diabetes (Vol. 62, Issue 10). https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-1814
Jomard, A., & Osto, E. (2020). High Density Lipoproteins: Metabolism, Function, and Therapeutic Potential. In Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (Vol. 7). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2020.00039
Kamila, L., & Salim, M. (2018). Hubungan Kadar Kolesterol Total Dan Hipertensi Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner DI RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.30602/jlk.v1i2.144
Kanbay, M., Jensen, T., Solak, Y., Le, M., Roncal-Jimenez, C., Rivard, C., Lanaspa, M. A., Nakagawa, T., & Johnson, R. J. (2016). Uric acid in metabolic syndrome: From an innocent bystander to a central player. In European Journal of Internal Medicine (Vol. 29). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.026
Kazmi, N., Elliott, H. R., Burrows, K., Tillin, T., Hughes, A. D., Chaturvedi, N., Gaunt, T. R., & Relton, C. L. (2020). Associations between high blood pressure and DNA methylation. PLoS ONE, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227728
Kemenkes, R. I. (2018). Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274.pdf
Kemenkes, R. I. (2019). Buku Pedoman Manajemen Penyakit Tidak Menular. Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit. https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/uploads/VHcrbkVobjRzUDN3UCs4eUJ0dVBndz09/2019/03/Buku_Pedoman_Manajemen_PTM.pdf
King, C., Lanaspa, M. A., Jensen, T., Tolan, D. R., Sánchez-Lozada, L. G., & Johnson, R. J. (2018). Uric Acid as a Cause of the Metabolic Syndrome. Contributions to Nephrology, 192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000484283
Li, L. H., Dutkiewicz, E. P., Huang, Y. C., Zhou, H. B., & Hsu, C. C. (2019). Analytical methods for cholesterol quantification. In Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (Vol. 27, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2018.09.001
Mayawi, M., Nurhayati, N., Talib, T., Bustan, A. W., & Laamena, N. S. (2023). Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors that Affecting the Blood Sugar Levels Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Pattimura International Journal of Mathematics (PIJMath), 2(1). https://doi.org/10.30598/pijmathvol2iss1pp33-42
M.F. Situmeang, S., Setiyawati, D., & Suparni, S. (2021). Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Penyuluhan Dan Pemeriksaan Kesehatan (Tensi Darah, Hb, Kolesterol, Gula Darah, Asam Urat ) Di Desa Telaga Sari Tanjung Morawa. Jurnal Mitra Prima, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.34012/mitraprima.v1i2.1751
Nistiandani, A., Sutawardana, J. H., & Rondhianto. (2023). Pencegahan Kerusakan Saraf Perifer Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. DEDIKASI SAINTEK Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.58545/djpm.v2i1.75
Nugrahaeni, D. K., Mauliku, N. E., & Budiana, T. A. (2023). Deteksi Dini Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Penyakit Tidak Menular. Faletehan Health Journal, 10(01). https://doi.org/10.33746/fhj.v10i01.483
Ogura, T., Matsuura, K., Matsumoto, Y., Mimura, Y., Kishida, M., Otsuka, F., & Tobe, K. (2004). Recent Trends of Hyperuricemia and Obesity in Japanese Male Adolescents, 1991 Through 2002. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 53(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2003.11.017
Oktaria, M., Hardono, H., Wijayanto, W. P., & Amiruddin, I. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Diet Hipertensi pada Lansia. Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia, 2(2), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.35912/jimi.v2i2.1512
Oktaviana, E., Nadrati, B., Dedy Supriyatna, L., & Yarsi Mataram, S. (2022). Pemeriksaan Gula Darah Untuk Mencegah Peningkatan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus. LENTERA (Jurnal Pengabdian), 2(2).
Oktavia.Wenny, K. I. (2018). Hubungan antara Kadar Hemoglobin dan Tekanan Darah Tinggi pada Subjek Dewasa. In Universitas Trisakti.
Permatasari, R., Suriani, E., & Kurniawan. (2022). Hubungan Kadar Kolesterol Total Dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi Pada Usia ? 40 Tahun. Jurnal Labora Medika, 6(2022).
Petersen, M. C., & Shulman, G. I. (2018). Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. In Physiological Reviews (Vol. 98, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00063.2017
Retno Triandhini, R. L. N. K., Agustina, V., & Siabila, Y. G. (2022). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kadar Gula Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSU Sinar Kasih Gereja Kristen Sulawesi Tengah Tentena. In Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah (Vol. 7, Issue 1).
richard oliver ( dalam Zeithml., dkk 2018 ). (2021). Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kontrol Gula Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952.
Roman, Y. M. (2019). The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy Scripts: Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Gout and Hyperuricemia. Hawai’i Journal of Medicine & Public Health?: A Journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health, 78(2).
Rye, K. A., & Barter, P. J. (2014). Regulation of high-density lipoprotein metabolism. In Circulation Research (Vol. 114, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.300632
SAKITRI, G. (2023). Gambaran managemen diri dan dukungan keluarga pasien diabetes mellitus. Intan Husada?: Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan, 11(01). https://doi.org/10.52236/ih.v11i1.262
Setiani, R., & Wulandari, S. A. (2023). Hubungan Faktor Genetik dengan Kejadian Hipertensi: Scoping Review. Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v5i1.11126
Song, Y., Liu, J., Zhao, K., Gao, L., & Zhao, J. (2021). Cholesterol-induced toxicity: An integrated view of the role of cholesterol in multiple diseases. In Cell Metabolism (Vol. 33, Issue 10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.001
Sophian Aswar, Istyanto, F., Novi Ayu Lestari, Revorma Permatasari, & Gregorius H. Toaubun. (2023). Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Pada Pasien Hipertensi Dan Diabetes Melitus Dalam Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ridge Kabupaten Biak Numfor. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Kesosi, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.57213/abdimas.v6i2.180
Sun, H. L., Pei, D., Lue, K. H., & Chen, Y. L. (2015). Uric acid levels can predict metabolic syndrome and hypertension in adolescents: A 10-year longitudinal study. PLoS ONE, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143786
Suryati, I. (2021). Buku Keperawatan Latihan Efektif Untuk Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Berbasis Hasil Penelitian. In Depublisher Publisher.
Susanti, S., & Bistara, D. N. (2018). Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.34080
Syah, A., Wati, R., & Negara, C. K. (2020). Hubungan Kadar Kolesterol Darah Dan Hipertensi Dengan Kejadian Stroke Di Rsud Ulin Banjarmasin Tahun 2020. Jurnal Medika?: Karya Ilmiah Kesehatan, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.35728/jmkik.v5i2.129
Torawoba, O. R., Nelwan, J. E., & Asrifuddi, A. (2021). Diabetes Melitus Dan Penyakit Jantung Koroner Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit. Kesmas, 10(4).
Tsakiridis, I., Mamopoulos, A., Athanasiadis, A., Kourtis, A., & Dagklis, T. (2022). Management of pregestational diabetes mellitus: a comparison of guidelines. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1719481
Tutik, & Ningsih, S. (2019). Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Hemoglobin Di Posyandu Lanjut Usia (Lansia) Pekon Tulung Agung Puskesmas Gadingrejo Pringsewu. Jurnal Pengabdian Farmasi Malahayati Vol., 2(1).
Wahidin, M., Agustiya, R. I., & Putro, G. (2023). Beban Penyakit dan Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular di Indonesia. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/epidkes.v6i2.6253
Wahyuni, R., Ma’ruf, A., & Mulyono, E. (2019). Hubungan Pola Makan Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Medika Karya Ilmiah Kesehatan, 4(2).
Weir, C. J., Muir, S. W., Walters, M. R., & Lees, K. R. (2003). Serum urate as an independent predictor of poor outcome and future vascular events after acute stroke. Stroke, 34(8). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000081983.34771.D2
WHO. (2022). Raised cholesterol. Word Health Organization.
Winarni, E., Damayanti, D., & Prasetya, A. S. (2023). Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Masalah Keperawatan Ketidakstabilan Kadar Glukosa Darah Menggunakan Teknik Brisk Walking. Ners Akademika, 1(2), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.35912/nersakademika.v1i2.1964
Zainiyah, H., & Khoirul, Y. (2019). Pemeriksaan Kadar Hb dan Penyuluhan Tentang Anemia Serta Antisipasinya Pada Siswa SMA Al Hidayah. Jurnal Paradigma, 1(2), 16–25. https://stikes-nhm.e-journal.id/PGM/article/view/478/426
Zhang, X., Ammous, F., Lin, L., Ratliff, S. M., Ware, E. B., Faul, J. D., Zhao, W., Kardia, S. L. R., & Smith, J. A. (2022). The Interplay of Epigenetic, Genetic, and Traditional Risk Factors on Blood Pressure: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study. Genes, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13111959
- Aas, A. M., Axelsen, M., Churuangsuk, C., Hermansen, K., Kendall, C. W. C., Kahleova, H., Khan, T., Lean, M. E. J., Mann, J. I., Pedersen, E., Pfeiffer, A., Raheli?, D., Reynolds, A. N., Risérus, U., Rivellese, A. A., Salas-Salvadó, J., Schwab, U., Sievenpiper, J. L., Thanopoulou, A., & Uusitupa, E. M. (2023). Evidence-based European recommendations for the dietary management of diabetes. Diabetologia, 66(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-023-05894-8
- Aini, N. I., & Agustriyani, F. (2022). Pengaruh Senam Prolanis terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Penderita DM Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Pakuan Aji Lampung Timur 2021. Ners Akademika, 1(1), 29–32. https://doi.org/10.35912/nersakademika.v1i1.1762
- Astannudinsyah, Rusmegawati, & Negara, C. K. (2020). Jurnal Medika Karya Ilmiah Kesehatan Vol 5, No.2. 2020 ISSN?: Medika Karya Ilmiah Kesehatan, 5(2).
- Banatvala, N., Nakanjako, A., & Webb, D. (2023). NCDs and sustainable development. In Noncommunicable Diseases: A Compendium. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003306689-4
- Barszcz, G., Bartusik-Aebisher, D., & Aebisher, D. (2023). Insulin. In The Biochemical Guide to Hormones. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12866_9
- Bhattacharya, S., Heidler, P., & Varshney, S. (2023). Incorporating neglected non-communicable diseases into the national health program—A review. In Frontiers in Public Health (Vol. 10). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.1093170
- Bonino, B., Leoncini, G., Russo, E., Pontremoli, R., & Viazzi, F. (2020). Uric acid in CKD: has the jury come to the verdict? In Journal of Nephrology (Vol. 33, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00702-7
- Cai, L., Liu, Y., & He, L. (2022). Investigating genetic causal relationships between blood pressure and anxiety, depressive symptoms, neuroticism and subjective well-being. General Psychiatry, 35(5). https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2022-100877
- Chamberlain, J. J., Doyle-Delgado, K., Peterson, L., & Skolnik, N. (2019). Diabetes technology: Review of the 2019 American Diabetes Association standards of medical care in diabetes. In Annals of Internal Medicine (Vol. 171, Issue 6). https://doi.org/10.7326/M19-1638
- Choi, H. K., Liu, S., & Curhan, G. (2005). Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: The third national health and nutrition examination survey. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 52(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/art.20761
- Coates, M. M., Kintu, A., Gupta, N., Wroe, E. B., Adler, A. J., Kwan, G. F., Park, P. H., Rajbhandari, R., Byrne, A. L., Casey, D. C., & Bukhman, G. (2020). Burden of non-communicable diseases from infectious causes in 2017: a modelling study. The Lancet Global Health, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30358-2
- Demiray, A., Afsar, B., Covic, A., Kuwabara, M., Ferro, C. J., Lanaspa, M. A., Johnson, R. J., & Kanbay, M. (2022). The Role of Uric Acid in the Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Narrative Review. In Angiology (Vol. 73, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1177/00033197211012546
- Grao-Cruces, E., Varela, L. M., Martin, M. E., Bermudez, B., & Montserrat-De la Paz, S. (2021). High-density lipoproteins and mediterranean diet: A systematic review. Nutrients, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030955
- Iqbal, A. M. I., & Jamal, S. F. (2023). Essential Hypertension. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30969681/
- Istyanto, F. (2023). Konsep Dasar Epidemiologi (1st ed.). CV. Dewa Publishing. https://dewapublishing.com/book/konsep-dasar-epidemiologi/
- Istyanto, F., Mudigdo, A., & Rahardjo, S. S. (2019). Path Analysis on the Biopsychosocial Factors Associated with Hypertension. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 4(2), 70–80. https://www.jepublichealth.com/index.php/jepublichealth/article/view/127
- Johnson, R. J., Bakris, G. L., Borghi, C., Chonchol, M. B., Feldman, D., Lanaspa, M. A., Merriman, T. R., Moe, O. W., Mount, D. B., Sanchez Lozada, L. G., Stahl, E., Weiner, D. E., & Chertow, G. M. (2018). Hyperuricemia, Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Report of a Scientific Workshop Organized by the National Kidney Foundation. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 71(6). https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.12.009
- Johnson, R. J., Nakagawa, T., Sanchez-Lozada, L. G., Shafiu, M., Sundaram, S., Le, M., Ishimoto, T., Sautin, Y. Y., & Lanaspa, M. A. (2013). Sugar, uric acid, and the etiology of diabetes and obesity. In Diabetes (Vol. 62, Issue 10). https://doi.org/10.2337/db12-1814
- Jomard, A., & Osto, E. (2020). High Density Lipoproteins: Metabolism, Function, and Therapeutic Potential. In Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (Vol. 7). https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2020.00039
- Kamila, L., & Salim, M. (2018). Hubungan Kadar Kolesterol Total Dan Hipertensi Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner DI RSUD dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.30602/jlk.v1i2.144
- Kanbay, M., Jensen, T., Solak, Y., Le, M., Roncal-Jimenez, C., Rivard, C., Lanaspa, M. A., Nakagawa, T., & Johnson, R. J. (2016). Uric acid in metabolic syndrome: From an innocent bystander to a central player. In European Journal of Internal Medicine (Vol. 29). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.11.026
- Kazmi, N., Elliott, H. R., Burrows, K., Tillin, T., Hughes, A. D., Chaturvedi, N., Gaunt, T. R., & Relton, C. L. (2020). Associations between high blood pressure and DNA methylation. PLoS ONE, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227728
- Kemenkes, R. I. (2018). Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274.pdf
- Kemenkes, R. I. (2019). Buku Pedoman Manajemen Penyakit Tidak Menular. Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit. https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/uploads/VHcrbkVobjRzUDN3UCs4eUJ0dVBndz09/2019/03/Buku_Pedoman_Manajemen_PTM.pdf
- King, C., Lanaspa, M. A., Jensen, T., Tolan, D. R., Sánchez-Lozada, L. G., & Johnson, R. J. (2018). Uric Acid as a Cause of the Metabolic Syndrome. Contributions to Nephrology, 192. https://doi.org/10.1159/000484283
- Li, L. H., Dutkiewicz, E. P., Huang, Y. C., Zhou, H. B., & Hsu, C. C. (2019). Analytical methods for cholesterol quantification. In Journal of Food and Drug Analysis (Vol. 27, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2018.09.001
- Mayawi, M., Nurhayati, N., Talib, T., Bustan, A. W., & Laamena, N. S. (2023). Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors that Affecting the Blood Sugar Levels Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Pattimura International Journal of Mathematics (PIJMath), 2(1). https://doi.org/10.30598/pijmathvol2iss1pp33-42
- M.F. Situmeang, S., Setiyawati, D., & Suparni, S. (2021). Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Penyuluhan Dan Pemeriksaan Kesehatan (Tensi Darah, Hb, Kolesterol, Gula Darah, Asam Urat ) Di Desa Telaga Sari Tanjung Morawa. Jurnal Mitra Prima, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.34012/mitraprima.v1i2.1751
- Nistiandani, A., Sutawardana, J. H., & Rondhianto. (2023). Pencegahan Kerusakan Saraf Perifer Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. DEDIKASI SAINTEK Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.58545/djpm.v2i1.75
- Nugrahaeni, D. K., Mauliku, N. E., & Budiana, T. A. (2023). Deteksi Dini Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Penyakit Tidak Menular. Faletehan Health Journal, 10(01). https://doi.org/10.33746/fhj.v10i01.483
- Ogura, T., Matsuura, K., Matsumoto, Y., Mimura, Y., Kishida, M., Otsuka, F., & Tobe, K. (2004). Recent Trends of Hyperuricemia and Obesity in Japanese Male Adolescents, 1991 Through 2002. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 53(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2003.11.017
- Oktaria, M., Hardono, H., Wijayanto, W. P., & Amiruddin, I. (2022). Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Diet Hipertensi pada Lansia. Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia, 2(2), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.35912/jimi.v2i2.1512
- Oktaviana, E., Nadrati, B., Dedy Supriyatna, L., & Yarsi Mataram, S. (2022). Pemeriksaan Gula Darah Untuk Mencegah Peningkatan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus. LENTERA (Jurnal Pengabdian), 2(2).
- Oktavia.Wenny, K. I. (2018). Hubungan antara Kadar Hemoglobin dan Tekanan Darah Tinggi pada Subjek Dewasa. In Universitas Trisakti.
- Permatasari, R., Suriani, E., & Kurniawan. (2022). Hubungan Kadar Kolesterol Total Dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi Pada Usia ? 40 Tahun. Jurnal Labora Medika, 6(2022).
- Petersen, M. C., & Shulman, G. I. (2018). Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. In Physiological Reviews (Vol. 98, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00063.2017
- Retno Triandhini, R. L. N. K., Agustina, V., & Siabila, Y. G. (2022). Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kadar Gula Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSU Sinar Kasih Gereja Kristen Sulawesi Tengah Tentena. In Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah (Vol. 7, Issue 1).
- richard oliver ( dalam Zeithml., dkk 2018 ). (2021). Faktor – Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kontrol Gula Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe II. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952.
- Roman, Y. M. (2019). The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy Scripts: Perspectives on the Epidemiology of Gout and Hyperuricemia. Hawai’i Journal of Medicine & Public Health?: A Journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health, 78(2).
- Rye, K. A., & Barter, P. J. (2014). Regulation of high-density lipoprotein metabolism. In Circulation Research (Vol. 114, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.114.300632
- SAKITRI, G. (2023). Gambaran managemen diri dan dukungan keluarga pasien diabetes mellitus. Intan Husada?: Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan, 11(01). https://doi.org/10.52236/ih.v11i1.262
- Setiani, R., & Wulandari, S. A. (2023). Hubungan Faktor Genetik dengan Kejadian Hipertensi: Scoping Review. Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.29313/jiks.v5i1.11126
- Song, Y., Liu, J., Zhao, K., Gao, L., & Zhao, J. (2021). Cholesterol-induced toxicity: An integrated view of the role of cholesterol in multiple diseases. In Cell Metabolism (Vol. 33, Issue 10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2021.09.001
- Sophian Aswar, Istyanto, F., Novi Ayu Lestari, Revorma Permatasari, & Gregorius H. Toaubun. (2023). Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Pada Pasien Hipertensi Dan Diabetes Melitus Dalam Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Ridge Kabupaten Biak Numfor. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Kesosi, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.57213/abdimas.v6i2.180
- Sun, H. L., Pei, D., Lue, K. H., & Chen, Y. L. (2015). Uric acid levels can predict metabolic syndrome and hypertension in adolescents: A 10-year longitudinal study. PLoS ONE, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143786
- Suryati, I. (2021). Buku Keperawatan Latihan Efektif Untuk Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Berbasis Hasil Penelitian. In Depublisher Publisher.
- Susanti, S., & Bistara, D. N. (2018). Hubungan Pola Makan Dengan Kadar Gula Darah Pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.22146/jkesvo.34080
- Syah, A., Wati, R., & Negara, C. K. (2020). Hubungan Kadar Kolesterol Darah Dan Hipertensi Dengan Kejadian Stroke Di Rsud Ulin Banjarmasin Tahun 2020. Jurnal Medika?: Karya Ilmiah Kesehatan, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.35728/jmkik.v5i2.129
- Torawoba, O. R., Nelwan, J. E., & Asrifuddi, A. (2021). Diabetes Melitus Dan Penyakit Jantung Koroner Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit. Kesmas, 10(4).
- Tsakiridis, I., Mamopoulos, A., Athanasiadis, A., Kourtis, A., & Dagklis, T. (2022). Management of pregestational diabetes mellitus: a comparison of guidelines. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2020.1719481
- Tutik, & Ningsih, S. (2019). Pemeriksaan Kesehatan Hemoglobin Di Posyandu Lanjut Usia (Lansia) Pekon Tulung Agung Puskesmas Gadingrejo Pringsewu. Jurnal Pengabdian Farmasi Malahayati Vol., 2(1).
- Wahidin, M., Agustiya, R. I., & Putro, G. (2023). Beban Penyakit dan Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular di Indonesia. Jurnal Epidemiologi Kesehatan Indonesia, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/epidkes.v6i2.6253
- Wahyuni, R., Ma’ruf, A., & Mulyono, E. (2019). Hubungan Pola Makan Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurnal Medika Karya Ilmiah Kesehatan, 4(2).
- Weir, C. J., Muir, S. W., Walters, M. R., & Lees, K. R. (2003). Serum urate as an independent predictor of poor outcome and future vascular events after acute stroke. Stroke, 34(8). https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000081983.34771.D2
- WHO. (2022). Raised cholesterol. Word Health Organization.
- Winarni, E., Damayanti, D., & Prasetya, A. S. (2023). Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dengan Masalah Keperawatan Ketidakstabilan Kadar Glukosa Darah Menggunakan Teknik Brisk Walking. Ners Akademika, 1(2), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.35912/nersakademika.v1i2.1964
- Zainiyah, H., & Khoirul, Y. (2019). Pemeriksaan Kadar Hb dan Penyuluhan Tentang Anemia Serta Antisipasinya Pada Siswa SMA Al Hidayah. Jurnal Paradigma, 1(2), 16–25. https://stikes-nhm.e-journal.id/PGM/article/view/478/426
- Zhang, X., Ammous, F., Lin, L., Ratliff, S. M., Ware, E. B., Faul, J. D., Zhao, W., Kardia, S. L. R., & Smith, J. A. (2022). The Interplay of Epigenetic, Genetic, and Traditional Risk Factors on Blood Pressure: Findings from the Health and Retirement Study. Genes, 13(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13111959