Implikasi Hukum Deepfake: Telaah terhadap UU ITE dan UU PDP

https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i2.3937
Published: Jan 3, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the regulation of deepfake technology usage within the legal framework of Indonesia, particularly concerning the Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP). The main focus of this research is to identify whether existing regulations are sufficiently effective in addressing the threats posed by the misuse of deepfake technology and to assess the extent to which legal gaps affect the protection of victims.

Methodology: This research employs a normative juridical approach with a statute-based method. The data used in this study includes primary and secondary legal materials, including relevant regulations and literature discussing deepfake technology and its impact on the law.

Results: The research findings reveal that while UU ITE and UU PDP regulate data falsification and personal data protection in general, they do not specifically address the use of deepfake technology. This has resulted in a legal gap that causes uncertainty in handling deepfake cases in Indonesia. As a consequence, many abuses of this technology cannot be clearly addressed under existing regulations.

Limitations: This study is limited to an analysis of existing regulations in Indonesia and does not include a comparative study with regulations in other countries. Furthermore, the research does not cover technical solutions related to deepfake detection, which could be part of a preventive approach.

Contribution: This research contributes to understanding the shortcomings of regulations concerning deepfake technology in Indonesia and emphasizes the need for updates or additions to the legal framework to address these specific crimes. The study also provides a foundation for the development of more effective legal policies to tackle digital threats, particularly in relation to personal data protection and the misuse of AI technology.

Keywords:
1. Deepfake technology
2. Personal Data Protection Law (UU PDP)
3. Information and Electronic Transactions Law (UU ITE)
4. cybercrime
5. AI technology
Authors:
Rafi Satrya Arvitto
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How to Cite
Arvitto, R. S. . (2025). Implikasi Hukum Deepfake: Telaah terhadap UU ITE dan UU PDP . Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 4(2), 73–82. https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i2.3937
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Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Januari
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  1. Amelia, Y. F., Kaimuddin, A., & Ashsyarof, H. L. (2024). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence Deepfake Menurut Hukum Positif Indonesia. Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum, 30(1), 9676. jim.unisma.ac.id/index.php/jdh/article/view/23708
  2. Angelika Septi Rahayu, R., & Santoso, H. (2023). Analysis of Fake Face Images: Detecting the Authenticity of Manipulated Images Using Variational Autoencoder Methods and Deep Neural Network Forensics. Sibatik Journal | Volume, 2(9), 2701–2726. https://publish.ojs-indonesia.com/index.php/SIBATIK
  3. Dokku, S. R., & Kandula, D. (2021). A study on issues and challenges of information technology act 2000 in India. Annals of Justice and Humanity, 1(1), 39–49. https://doi.org/10.33545/26179210.2019.v2.i1a.16
  4. Ekawati, D. (2018). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Bank Yang Dirugikan Akibat Kejahatan Skimming Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Teknologi Informasi Dan Perbankan. Unes Law Review, 1(2), 157–171.
  5. Europol. (2022). Facing reality??: law enforcement and the challenge of deepfakes?: an observatory report from the Europol innovation lab. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2813/08370
  6. Gandrova, S., & Banke, R. (2023). Penerapan Hukum Positif Indonesia Terhadap Kasus Kejahatan Dunia Maya Deepfake. Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin, 1(10), 650–657. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10201140
  7. Khusna, I. H., & Pangestuti, S. (2019). Deepfake, Tantangan Baru Untuk Netizen. 5(2), 1–24.
  8. Kusuma, E., & Arum, N. S. (2019). Memahami dan Menyikapi Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Online. Southeast Asia Freedom of Expression Network, 10.
  9. Marcella, D., Yohannes, & Devella, S. (2022). Klasifikasi Penyakit Mata Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network Dengan Arsitektur VGG-19. Jurnal Algoritme, 3(1), 60–70.
  10. Mu, J., Adrezo, M., & Haikal, A. N. (2024). Identifikasi Wajah Asli dan Buatan Deepfake Menggunakan Metode Convolutional Neural Network. TEKNIKA, 13(1), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.34148/teknika.v13i1.705
  11. Mufid, F. L., & Hariandja, T. R. (2019). Efektivitas Pasal 28 Ayat (1) Uu Ite Tentang Penyebaran Berita Bohong (HOAX). Jurnal RechtenS, 8(2), 179–198.
  12. Mutmainnah, A., Suhandi, A. M., & Herlambang, Y. T. (2024). Problematika Teknologi Deepfake sebagai Masa Depan Hoax yang Semakin Meningkat: Solusi Strategis Ditinjau dari Literasi Digital. UPGRADE?: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi, 1(2), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.30812/upgrade.v1i2.3702
  13. No, V., Desember, J., Kadek, N., & Ika, D. (2024). Analisis Yuridis Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Deepfake Porn Berdasarkan Hukum Positif. 2(1), 603–608.
  14. Noval, S. M. R. (2019). Perlindungan Terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Teknik Deepfake Terhadap Data Pribadi. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 13–18.
  15. Nwosu, C. C., Obalum, D. C., & Ananti, M. O. (2024). Artificial intelligence in public service and governance in Nigeria. Journal of Governance and Accountability Studies (JGAS), 4(2), 109–120.
  16. Oktallia, V., & Ariana, I. G. P. (2022). Perlindungan Terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Teknik Deepfake Terhadap Data Pribadi. Jurnal Kertha Desa, 10(11), 1252–1263.
  17. Putra, I. H. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence (AI) Berupa Deepfake Pornografi Menurut Peraturan. UNJA Journal of LegalStudies, 01(2), 110–128.
  18. Raharja, I. V. (2019). Bijak Menggunakan Media Sosial Di Kalangan Pelajar Menurut UndangUndang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik. JURNAL SELAT, 6(2), 235–246.
  19. Ramadhani, F. (2023). Dinamika UU ITE Sebagai Hukum Positif Di Indonesia Guna Meminimalisir Kejahatan SibeR. Jurnal Kultura, 1(1), 89–97.
  20. Roy, S. (2022). Cybercrime and islamic law: Revisiting the advantageous and hiatus horizon(s). Annals of Justice and Humanity (AJH), 1(2), 93–99.
  21. Sahatatua, R., Gusmaria, Y., Astawa, I. K., Suherman, A. M., Setiady, T., & Tinambunan, W. D. (2024). Cyber law analysis of E-KTP data leakage: A case approach of 102 million KTP data allegedly leaked from the Ministry of Social Affairs to a hacker forum. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic and Practice Studies, 2(3), 261–265. https://doi.org/10.35912/jomaps.v2i3.2219
  22. Setiawan, M. N. (2021). Mengkritisi Undang-Undang ITE Pasal 27 Ayat ( 3 ) dilihat dari Sosio-Politik Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Datin Law Journal, 2(1), 1–21.
  23. Somers, M. (2020). Deepfakes, explained. MIT Sloan. mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/deepfakes-explained
  24. Song, D. (2019). A Short History of Deepfakes. Medium. medium.com/@songda/a-short-history-of-deepfakes-604ac7be6016
  25. Spivak, R. (2019). Deepfakes: The newest way to commit one of the oldest crimes. George Town Technology Review, 3.2, 340. georgetownlawtechreview.org/deepfakes-the-newest-way-to-commit-one-of-the-oldest-crimes/GLTR-05-2019/
  26. Sutarli, A. F., & Kurniawan, S. (2023). Peranan Pemerintah Melalui Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Menanggulangi Phising di Indonesia. INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(2), 4208–4221.
  27. Syaputra, R. (2024). Urgensi Pengaturan Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Korban Deepfake Melalui Artficial Inteligence (Ai) Dari Perspektif Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Respublica, 5–12. https://journal.unilak.ac.id/index.php/Respublica
  28. Tambun, Y. V., Sianturi, M. S., Theodora, K. I., Rianto, S., & Tambunan, H. (2024). Analisis Eksistensi Teknologi Deepfake terhadap Keamanan Komunikasi Digital. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 8, 14485–14492.
  29. Utama, A. N., Kesuma, P. T., & Hidayat, R. M. (2023). Analisis Hukum terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Kasus Deepfake Porn dan Pendidikan Kesadaran Publik di Lingkungan Digital. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusa, 7(3), 26179–26188.
  30. Wibowo, M. H., & Fatimah, N. (2017). Ancaman phishing terhadap pengguna sosial media dalam dunia cyber crime. JOEICT(Jurnal of Education and Information Communication Technology), 1, 1–5.
  31. Yunanda, V., Wiranata, I. G. A., Agustin, Y., Rohaini, R., & Zazili, A. (2024). The Urgency of Establishing LPPDP as an Effort to Strengthen Personal Data Protection: A Comparison between Indonesia, Hong Kong and Singapore. Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 4(1), 11–25. https://doi.org/10.35912/jihham.v4i1.2962