Hexagon Theory dalam mendeteksi Fraudulent Financial Reporting Perusahaan BEI

https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v4i2.3588
Published: Jan 2, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence of the hexagon theory on financial reporting fraud in telecommunications companies on the IDX with an observation period of 2019-2023.

Methodology/Approach: This study uses secondary data. The hexagon theory as an independent variable includes elements of stimulus, financial stability, external pressure, personal financial needs, opportunities, nature of industry, external auditor quality, capabilities, rationalization, ego and collusion. Financial reporting fraud is measured by the fraud score model.

Results/Findings: Data analysis with multiple linear regression provides empirical evidence that financial stability, nature of industry, capabilities, and ego have an effect on financial reporting fraud.

Conclusions: Not all elements of the Hexagon Theory are capable of detecting fraudulent financial reporting. Out of the six elements, only four can detect it: the pressure (stimulus) element from the FS proxy, the opportunity element from the NoI proxy, the rationalization element from the CIA proxy, and the ego element from the FNCP proxy. However, this does not apply to the other variables, which show no influence of the Hexagon Theory in detecting FFR. These variables include pressure (stimulus) from the FT, EP, and PFN proxies, opportunity from the IM and EAQ proxies, capability from the CID proxy, and collusion from the CWGP proxy. The independent variables in this study contribute 17.9% to FFR.

Limitations: The study used purposive sampling with a sample size of 20 telecommunications companies listed on the IDX. This is a quantitative study with secondary data.

Contribution: To reduce financial reporting fraud, management needs to pay attention to the stimulus factor from the Financial Stability (FS) proxy, opportunity from the Nature of Industry (NoI) proxy, rationalization from the Change in Auditor (CiA) proxy and ego from the frequent number of CEO's picture (FNCP) proxy.

Keywords:
1. Fraudulent financial reporting
2. Fraud
3. Hexagon theory
Authors:
1 . Anna Falasifah
2 . Kartika Hendra Titisari
3 . Istiatin Istiatin
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Falasifah, A. ., Titisari, K. H., & Istiatin, I. . (2025). Hexagon Theory dalam mendeteksi Fraudulent Financial Reporting Perusahaan BEI. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 4(2), 217–230. https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v4i2.3588
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Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Januari
Articles
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References

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    Aulia, E., Tambunan, K., & Laila, N. (2024). Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Pengelolaan Keuangan Dana Desa pada Dalu Sepuluh A Tanjung Morawa. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 4(1), 59-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v4i1.3224

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    Handoko, B. L. (2021). Fraud Hexagon dalam Mendeteksi Financial Statement Fraud Perusahaan Perbankan di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi, 5(2), 176-192. doi:https://doi.org/10.33603/jka.v5i2.5101

    Hardana, A. (2024). Pondok Pesantren's Transformational Leadership Analysis of the Financial Reporting Company's Accountability. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 4(1), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v4i1.2778

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    Lionardi, M., & Suhartono, S. (2022). Pendeteksian Kemungkinan Terjadinya Fraudulent Financial Statement Menggunakan Fraud Hexagon. Moneter: Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 9(1), 29-38. doi:https://doi.org/10.31294/moneter.v9i1.12496

    Mukaromah, I., & Budiwitjaksono, G. S. (2021). Fraud Hexagon Theory dalam Mendeteksi Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan pada Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019. Kompak: Jurnal Ilmiah Komputerisasi Akuntansi, 14(1), 61-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.51903/kompak.v14i1.355

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    Sagala, S. G., & Siagian, V. (2021). Pengaruh Fraud Hexagon Model Terhadap Fraudulent Laporan Keuangan pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2016-2019. Jurnal Akuntansi, 13(2), 245-259. doi:https://doi.org/10.28932/jam.v13i2.3956

    Septiningrum, K. E., & Mutmainah, S. (2022). Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Financial Statement Fraud: Perspektif Fraud Hexagon Theory (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Sektor Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018–2020). Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 11(4), 1-13.

    Sihombing, T., & Panggulu, G. E. (2022). Fraud Hexagon Theory and Fraudulent Financial Statement in IT Industry in Asean. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 12(3), 524-544. doi:https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v12i3.23334

    Tandiawan, W. (2022). The Effect of Financial Distress and Corporate Governance on the Discretionary Allowance for Impairment Losses. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 2(2), 99-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v2i2.1563

    Tarjo, Anggono, A., & Sakti, E. (2021). Detecting Indications of Financial Statement Fraud: a Hexagon Fraud Theory Approach. AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi, 13(1), 119-131. doi:https://doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v13n1.p119-131

    Vousinas, G. L. (2019). Advancing Theory of Fraud: The SCORE Model. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 372-381. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-12-2017-0128

    Wicaksono, A., & Suryandari, D. (2021). The Analysis of Fraudulent Financial Reports Through Fraud Hexagon on Public Mining Companies. Accounting Analysis Journal, 10(3), 220-228. doi:https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v10i3.54999

    Winatasari, Y. (2023). Fraud Hexagon Sebagai Pendeteksi Fraudulent Financial Statement. AKUNTANSI 45, 4(1), 116-122. doi:https://doi.org/10.30640/akuntansi45.v4i1.780

    Wolfe, D. T., & Hermanson, D. R. (2004). The Fraud Diamond: Considering the Four Elements of Fraud. The CPA Journal, 74(12), 38-42.

    Yadiati, W., Rezwiandhari, A., & Ramdany. (2023). Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting in State-Owned Company: Hexagon Theory Approach. JAK (Jurnal Akuntansi) Kajian Ilmiah Akuntansi, 10(1), 128-147. doi:https://doi.org/10.30656/jak.v10i1.5676

  1. Achmad, T., Ghozali, I., & Pamungkas, I. D. (2022). Hexagon Fraud: Detection of Fraudulent Financial Reporting in State-Owned Enterprises Indonesia. Economies, 10(1), 1-16. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10010013
  2. Aulia, E., Tambunan, K., & Laila, N. (2024). Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Pengelolaan Keuangan Dana Desa pada Dalu Sepuluh A Tanjung Morawa. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 4(1), 59-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v4i1.3224
  3. Dechow, P. M., Ge, W., Larson, C. R., & Sloan, R. G. (2011). Predicting Material Accounting Misstatements. Contemporary Accounting Research, 28(1), 17-82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2010.01041.x
  4. Handoko, B. L. (2021). Fraud Hexagon dalam Mendeteksi Financial Statement Fraud Perusahaan Perbankan di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi, 5(2), 176-192. doi:https://doi.org/10.33603/jka.v5i2.5101
  5. Hardana, A. (2024). Pondok Pesantren's Transformational Leadership Analysis of the Financial Reporting Company's Accountability. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 4(1), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v4i1.2778
  6. Junardi, Yantiana, N., & Yunita, K. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Fraud Pentagon Terhadap Fraudulent Financial Reporting dengan Menggunakan Model Altman (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Sektor Keuangan dan Perbankan di Indonesia). Jurnal Mahasiswa Magister Akuntansi, 4(1), 1-19.
  7. Kristiana, D. R. (2016). Pengaruh Income Smoothing, Good Coorporate Governance, Persentase Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Firm Size Terhadap Tingkat Pengungkapan Laporan Keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi, 4(1), 57-66. doi:https://doi.org/10.24964/ja.v4i1.127
  8. Lionardi, M., & Suhartono, S. (2022). Pendeteksian Kemungkinan Terjadinya Fraudulent Financial Statement Menggunakan Fraud Hexagon. Moneter: Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 9(1), 29-38. doi:https://doi.org/10.31294/moneter.v9i1.12496
  9. Mukaromah, I., & Budiwitjaksono, G. S. (2021). Fraud Hexagon Theory dalam Mendeteksi Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan pada Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019. Kompak: Jurnal Ilmiah Komputerisasi Akuntansi, 14(1), 61-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.51903/kompak.v14i1.355
  10. Nurkholik, A., Ernitawati, Y., & Roni. (2024). Detection of Potential Financial Statement Fraud Using the Fraud Hexagon Model Approach (Empirical Study of LQ 45 Companies Listed on the IDX in 2018–2022). Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 24(3), 210-220. doi:https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i31254
  11. Octani, J., Dwiharyadi, A., & Djefris, D. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Fraud Hexagon Terhadap Fraudulent Financial Reporting Pada Perusahaan Sektor Keuangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Selama Tahun 2017-2020. Jurnal Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Ekonomi Indonesia (JABEI), 1(1), 36-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.30630/jabei.v1i1.9
  12. Octaviana, N. (2022). Analisis Elemen-Elemen Fraud Hexagon Theory Sebagai Determinan Fraudulent Financial Reporting. Jurnal Akuntansi, 11(2), 106-121. doi:https://doi.org/10.46806/ja.v11i2.895
  13. Oktavia, S., Bahari, A., & Kartika, R. (2022). Pengaruh Elemen Fraud Hexagon Theory Terhadap Fraud Laporan Keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Ekonomika, 12(2), 275-284. doi:https://doi.org/10.37859/jae.v12i2.4207
  14. Prastika, A. N., & Sasongko, N. (2023). Analysis of Fraudulent Financial Reporting with Fraud Hexagon Theory in Financial Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2017-2021. The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, 7(1), 239-249.
  15. Purwantiningsih, A., & Anggaeni, D. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Corporate Governance dan Kualitas Audit terhadap Integritas Laporan Keuangan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Otomotif dan Komponen yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2012-2017. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 1(1), 33-43. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v1i1.399
  16. Rafi, A. A., Nasrizal, & Humairoh, F. (2024). Pengaruh Audit Tenure, Ukuran KAP dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Opini Going Concern. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 3(2), 119-129. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v3i2.2815
  17. Sagala, S. G., & Siagian, V. (2021). Pengaruh Fraud Hexagon Model Terhadap Fraudulent Laporan Keuangan pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2016-2019. Jurnal Akuntansi, 13(2), 245-259. doi:https://doi.org/10.28932/jam.v13i2.3956
  18. Septiningrum, K. E., & Mutmainah, S. (2022). Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Terjadinya Financial Statement Fraud: Perspektif Fraud Hexagon Theory (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Sektor Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018–2020). Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 11(4), 1-13.
  19. Sihombing, T., & Panggulu, G. E. (2022). Fraud Hexagon Theory and Fraudulent Financial Statement in IT Industry in Asean. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 12(3), 524-544. doi:https://doi.org/10.22219/jrak.v12i3.23334
  20. Tandiawan, W. (2022). The Effect of Financial Distress and Corporate Governance on the Discretionary Allowance for Impairment Losses. Studi Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Manajemen, 2(2), 99-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sakman.v2i2.1563
  21. Tarjo, Anggono, A., & Sakti, E. (2021). Detecting Indications of Financial Statement Fraud: a Hexagon Fraud Theory Approach. AKRUAL: Jurnal Akuntansi, 13(1), 119-131. doi:https://doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v13n1.p119-131
  22. Vousinas, G. L. (2019). Advancing Theory of Fraud: The SCORE Model. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 372-381. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-12-2017-0128
  23. Wicaksono, A., & Suryandari, D. (2021). The Analysis of Fraudulent Financial Reports Through Fraud Hexagon on Public Mining Companies. Accounting Analysis Journal, 10(3), 220-228. doi:https://doi.org/10.15294/aaj.v10i3.54999
  24. Winatasari, Y. (2023). Fraud Hexagon Sebagai Pendeteksi Fraudulent Financial Statement. AKUNTANSI 45, 4(1), 116-122. doi:https://doi.org/10.30640/akuntansi45.v4i1.780
  25. Wolfe, D. T., & Hermanson, D. R. (2004). The Fraud Diamond: Considering the Four Elements of Fraud. The CPA Journal, 74(12), 38-42.
  26. Yadiati, W., Rezwiandhari, A., & Ramdany. (2023). Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting in State-Owned Company: Hexagon Theory Approach. JAK (Jurnal Akuntansi) Kajian Ilmiah Akuntansi, 10(1), 128-147. doi:https://doi.org/10.30656/jak.v10i1.5676