Meninjau Komitmen Indonesia Melarang Senjata Tertentu dalam Konflik menurut Hukum Humaniter Internasional
Abstract:
Purpose: The use of prohibited means in armed conflict aims to respect and uphold the principles of humanity and proportionality in International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and prevent unnecessary injuries. This study aims to determine Indonesia's international commitment to respecting the principles of IHL through Indonesia's participation in international agreements on the prohibition of the use of certain weapons.
Methodology/approach: This study implements a normative method by analyzing Indonesia's participation in international agreements related to the use of prohibited weapons during times of conflict.
Results/findings: This study found that Indonesia's participation in these agreements is low, which has an impact on the few national regulations governing the prohibition of the use of prohibited means during times of conflict.
Conclusion: Indonesia needs to strengthen its commitment to the principles of humanity and proportionality under international humanitarian law by ratifying legal instruments prohibiting certain weapons. This step should be accompanied by internal military policies and official political statements demonstrating respect for humanitarian law, both in written and customary international law.
Limitations: This research is limited to inventorying Indonesia's participation in international agreements related to the prohibition of the use of certain means in armed conflict.
Contribution: This research is expected to be a reference for investigating national laws or actions of the Indonesian Government regarding the prohibition of the use of certain weapons in armed conflict.
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Henckaerts, J.-M., & Doswalds-Beck, L. (2005b). Customary International Humanitarian Law Volume II: Practice Part 1 & Part 2: Vol. II. Cambridge University Press.
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Perjanjian Internasional dan Perundangan-undangan
Deklarasi Den Haag 1899 (IV, 2) tentang Gas Asfiksia dan (IV,3) tentang Peluru yang Mengembang
Deklarasi St Petersburg 1868 tentang Penggunaan Proyektil di bawah 400
Konvensi 1972 tentang Larangan Pengembangan, Produksi dan Penimbunan Senjata Bakteriologis (Biologis) dan Toksin dan tentang Pemusnahannya
Konvensi 1980 tentang Larangan atau Pembatasan Penggunaan Senjata Konvensional Tertentu dan Protokol I - IV-nya
Konvensi Larangan Pengembangan, Produksi, Penimbunan, dan Penggunaan Senjata Kimia serta Pemusnahannya Tahun 1993
Konvensi Larangan Penggunaan, Penimbunan, Produksi, dan Pemindahan Ranjau Antipersonel serta Pemusnahannya Tahun 1997
Konvensi Munisi Tandan Tahun 2008
Perjanjian Larangan Senjata Nuklir Tahun 2017
Protokol 1925 untuk Larangan Penggunaan dalam Perang Gas Asfiksia, Beracun atau Gas Lainnya, dan Metode Perang Bakteriologis
UU Nomor 6 Tahun 1998 tentang Pengesahan Convention on The Prohibitionof The Development Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (Konvensi tentang Pelarangan Pengembangan, Produksi, Penimbunan, Dan Penggunaan Senjata Kimia Serta Tentang Pemusnahannya)
UU Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 tentang Penggunaan Bahan Kimia Dan Larangan Penggunaan Bahan Kimia Sebagai Senjata Kimia
UU Nomor 59 Tahun 1958 tentang Ikut Serta Negara Republik Indonesia Dalam Seluruh Konpensi Jenewa Tanggal 12 Agustus 1949
- Davidson, H., & Agencies. (2018, December 5). West Papua: Conflicting Reports surround Attack that Killed Up to 31. The Guardian (Online). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/dec/05/west-papua-fears-of-spiralling-violence-after-attack-leaves-up-to-31-dead
- Henckaerts, J.-M., & Doswalds-Beck, L. (2005a). Customary International Humanitarian Law Volume I: Rules: Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.
- Henckaerts, J.-M., & Doswalds-Beck, L. (2005b). Customary International Humanitarian Law Volume II: Practice Part 1 & Part 2: Vol. II. Cambridge University Press.
- History. (2010, February 9). Indonesia Invades East Timor. History. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/indonesia-invades-east-timor
- ICRC. (n.d.). Treaties, States Parties and Commentaries. International Committee of the Red Cross. https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl.nsf/States.xsp?xp_viewStates=XPages_NORMStatesParties&xp_treatySelected=130
- Mathews, R. J. (2016). Chemical and Biological Weapons. In R. Liivoja & T. McCormack (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict (0 ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203798362
- NN. (2004, May 13). Who is Behind the Maluku Violence? Aljazeera (Online). https://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2004/05/2008410115513151987.html
- Sossai, M. (2016). Conventional Weapons. In Routledge Handbook of the Law of Armed Conflict. Conventional Weapons.
- Surangya. (2018, December 27). Indonesian Military Accused of Using Banned Chemical Weapons in West Papua. People Dispatch (Online). https://peoplesdispatch.org/2018/12/27/indonesian-military-accused-of-using-banned-chemical-weapon-in-west-papua/
- Urquhart, C. (2006, October 23). Israel Admits It Used Phosphorus Weapons. The Guardian (Online). https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/oct/23/israel
- WWI. (n.d.). Conflict and Peacemaking in Aceh: A Chronology. World Watch Institute (Online). http://www.worldwatch.org/node/3929
- Perjanjian Internasional dan Perundangan-undangan
- Deklarasi Den Haag 1899 (IV, 2) tentang Gas Asfiksia dan (IV,3) tentang Peluru yang Mengembang
- Deklarasi St Petersburg 1868 tentang Penggunaan Proyektil di bawah 400
- Konvensi 1972 tentang Larangan Pengembangan, Produksi dan Penimbunan Senjata Bakteriologis (Biologis) dan Toksin dan tentang Pemusnahannya
- Konvensi 1980 tentang Larangan atau Pembatasan Penggunaan Senjata Konvensional Tertentu dan Protokol I - IV-nya
- Konvensi Larangan Pengembangan, Produksi, Penimbunan, dan Penggunaan Senjata Kimia serta Pemusnahannya Tahun 1993
- Konvensi Larangan Penggunaan, Penimbunan, Produksi, dan Pemindahan Ranjau Antipersonel serta Pemusnahannya Tahun 1997
- Konvensi Munisi Tandan Tahun 2008
- Perjanjian Larangan Senjata Nuklir Tahun 2017
- Protokol 1925 untuk Larangan Penggunaan dalam Perang Gas Asfiksia, Beracun atau Gas Lainnya, dan Metode Perang Bakteriologis
- UU Nomor 6 Tahun 1998 tentang Pengesahan Convention on The Prohibitionof The Development Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (Konvensi tentang Pelarangan Pengembangan, Produksi, Penimbunan, Dan Penggunaan Senjata Kimia Serta Tentang Pemusnahannya)
- UU Nomor 9 Tahun 2008 tentang Penggunaan Bahan Kimia Dan Larangan Penggunaan Bahan Kimia Sebagai Senjata Kimia
- UU Nomor 59 Tahun 1958 tentang Ikut Serta Negara Republik Indonesia Dalam Seluruh Konpensi Jenewa Tanggal 12 Agustus 1949
