Implikasi Hukum Terhadap Artificial dalam Sistem Peradilan di Indonesia
Abstract:
Purpose: This study aims to analyze the legal impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Indonesian justice system, focusing on regulations, legal responsibilities, and the ethical and justice-related aspects of its application.
Methodology/approach: The research adopts a normative legal method through literature review, examining legislation, Supreme Court policies (such as Smart Assembly and e-Court), legal journals, and relevant news from 2023 to 2025. The focus is on how AI is implemented in the Indonesian judiciary, particularly concerning regulation, ethics, and accountability.
Results/findings: The study finds that AI enhances the speed, efficiency, and transparency of judicial processes. Tools like Smart Assembly help objectively assign judges to cases. However, the absence of specific regulations creates ambiguity in assigning legal responsibility for AI-related errors. Additionally, without strict oversight, AI may cause bias, injustice, or human rights violations due to skewed or incomplete training data.
Conclusions: AI contributes positively to efficiency and objectivity in Indonesia’s justice system but cannot replace human moral and ethical reasoning. It should be used as a support tool, with final decisions remaining in human hands. This requires adaptive legal frameworks, ongoing supervision, and the application of the human-in-the-loop principle.
Limitations: The study is limited to normative analysis and literature review without empirical research or field interviews. It does not assess AI implementation comprehensively across Indonesia.
Contribution: This study offers input for regulators in drafting AI-related legal policies and supports the Supreme Court in developing fair AI systems. It also contributes to academic discourse in law, ethics, information technology, and public policy.
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- Agustina, E. (2023). Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Perizinan Pertambangan Timah dalam Pelaksanaan Reformasi Birokrasi. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 2(1), 1-7. doi:10.35912/kihan.v2i1.2254
- Brzezinski, M., & Krzeminska, I. (2023). The strategies for innovating with virtual reality and artificial intelligence: a literature review.
- DPR RI. (2023). Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence dalam Penegakan Hukum di Indonesia. Https://berkas.dpr.go.id/
- Ebuka, A. A., Emmanuel, D., & Idigo, P. (2023). Artificial Intelligence as a catalyst for the Sustainability of Small and Medium Scale Businesses (SMEs) in Nigeria. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 5(1), 1-11. doi:10.35912/amor.v5i1.1719
- Hukumonline. (2025). AI Judges: Masa Depan Peradilan. Https://www.hukumonline.com/
- Ikawati, S., dkk. (2024). Tanggung Jawab Hukum atas Putusan Sistem AI. Jurnal Media Akademik.
- Kombadjustitia. (2025). Urgensi Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence dalam Sistem Peradilan. Https://www.kombadjustitia.com/
- MariNews. (2025). Penerapan dan Kritik Atas Penggunaan Teknologi. Https://marinews.mahkamahagung.go.id/
- Nugraha, S. P., & Hariri, H. (2022). Kepemimpinan Visioner Kepala Sekolah di SMA IT Insan Mulia Boarding School Pringsewu. Jurnal Humaniora dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 2(1), 25-32. doi:10.35912/jahidik.v2i1.1646
- Riza, K. (2023). Hak Restitusi bagi Korban Perdagangan Orang: Sebuah Langkah Penting Menuju Keadilan di Indonesia. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 2(1), 37-44.
- Sebayang, E.K., Mulyadi, M., & Ekaputra, M. (2024). Potensi Pemanfaatan Teknologi Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Pendukung Sistem Peradilan di Indonesia. Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review, 3(4), 317–328. Https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v3i4.311
- Siagian, A., Riza, K., & Lubis, I. H. (2023). Analisis Penegakan Hukum terhadap Perusahaan Pers yang Tidak Berbadan Hukum. Kajian Ilmiah Hukum dan Kenegaraan, 1(1), 35-42. doi:10.35912/kihan.v1i1.1867
- Sitorus, O., & Minim, D. (2005). Membangun Teori Hukum Indonesia. Mitra Kebijakan Tanah Indonesia, Yogyakarta.
- Tempo.co. (2025). Mahkamah Agung Akan Pakai Aplikasi Robotik untuk Penunjukan Anggota Majelis Hakim. Https://www.tempo.co/
- Pasaribu, M. (2024). Penerapan Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) dalam Proses Legislasi dan Sistem Peradilan di Indonesia. Jurnal Selisik, Universitas Pancasila.
- Judex Laguens. (2024). AI Hakim: Merevolusi Peradilan yang Berintegritas, Bermartabat, dan Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Hakim. Jurnal Penelitian Teknologi dan Administrasi Manajemen.
- Latif, M., & Innash, A.-R. (2024). Digital Transformation in the Justice System: Enhancing Efficiency and Accessibility of Legal Services. Journal of Indonesian Law, 5(2), 179-198. Https://doi.org/10.18326/jil.v5i2.3468
- Waha, A. (2023). AI dalam Sistem Peradilan: Peluang dan Tantangan. Jurnal Teknologi Hukum.
- Wahyudi, H., & Ramani, F. (2022). Pengaruh Jangka Pendek dan Jangka Panjang Saham Global terhadap Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) Periode 2015:M01 - 2020:M12. Reviu Akuntansi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis, 2(1), 15-25. doi:10.35912/rambis.v2i1.1421
- Yustiana, Y., Wildanah, W., & Samma, R. (2022). Keadilan Desentralisasi Perpajakan dalam Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. Lasinrang Law Journal, 24-37.
- Zamani, E. D., Smyth, C., Gupta, S., & Dennehy, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence and big data analytics for supply chain resilience: a systematic literature review. Annals of Operations Research, 327(2), 605-632.
