The Effectiveness of Health Communication in Preventing Stunting

https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v3i2.2609
Published: Feb 15, 2024

Abstract:

Purpose: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a primary concern in Indonesia; it requires considerable attention and is one of the Sustainable Development Goals (SGDs). Stunting prevention is very important, and one program that can be implemented is health communication. This study aimed to evaluate, review, and criticize published articles regarding the effectiveness of health communication in efforts to prevent stunting.

Methodology: A systematic and comprehensive literature search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar until September 2023.

Results: All the included studies stated that health communication has a significant positive impact on stunting prevention through three types of communication: interpersonal, group, and mass communication. The messages conveyed by communicators to communicants cover most of the important messages that must be conveyed, including exclusive breastfeeding, complementary foods, BMI and HAZ scores, and nutritional behavior. The methods used also varied, ranging from counseling methods at posyandu or integrated healthcare centers, use of flipcharts, radio, TV, support groups, home visits, mobile outreach, food production, and training of community health workers.

Limitations: According to the review, this study has limitations, including a limited number of studies, and the research population is not spread across every region in the world; consequently, the results of this review may not be able to represent all populations and races globally.

Contribution: We hope that the findings of this study can be used as a reference for further research related to stunting management using a health communication approach. In addition, this study can be used as a reference source for conducting outreach, interpersonal communication, group communication, and mass communication related to stunting, so that stunting prevention programs in Indonesia can be implemented widely and comprehensively.

Keywords:
1. Communication
2. health communication
3. prevention
4. stunting
Authors:
1 . Fiki Muhammad Ridho
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0187-8160
2 . Moh. Fauzan
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7003-5458
3 . Ahmad Faisal
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9123-5465
4 . Hanafi Hanafi
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How to Cite
Ridho, F. M., Fauzan, M., Faisal, A., & Hanafi, H. (2024). The Effectiveness of Health Communication in Preventing Stunting. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 3(2), 99–107. https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v3i2.2609
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Issue & Section
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Desember
Articles
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References

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    Ridho, F. M., & Fauzan, M. (2023). A narrative review on the effectiveness of therapeutic communication in reducing anxiety in children during dental treatment procedures. International Journal of Health, 10(1), 9–13.

    Sadida, Z. J., Indriyanti, R., & Setiawan, A. S. (2022). Does Growth Stunting Correlate with Oral Health in Children?: A Systematic Review. European Journal of Dentistry, 16(01), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731887

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  2. Ardina, M. (2021). Komunikasi Kesehatan. DIVA Press.
  3. Ashikin, P., Tanjung, A. M., Siregar, M. A. A., Sazali, H., & Andinatar, M. (2022). Pencegahan Gizi Buruk Pada Bayi Melalui Pendekatan Strategi Komunikasi Pada Puskesmas Tanjung Rejo. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 6(2), 14368–14372.
  4. Beal, T., Tumilowicz, A., Sutrisna, A., Izwardy, D., & Neufeld, L. M. (2018). A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12617
  5. Bhutta, Z. A., Berkley, J. A., Bandsma, R. H. J., Kerac, M., Trehan, I., & Briend, A. (2017). Severe childhood malnutrition. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3(1), 17067. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.67
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  8. Casale, D., & Desmond, C. (2016). Recovery from stunting and cognitive outcomes in young children: evidence from the South African Birth to Twenty Cohort Study. Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease, 7(2), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174415007175
  9. Dewey, K. G., & Begum, K. (2011). Long?term consequences of stunting in early life. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 7(s3), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2011.00349.x
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  11. Guerrant, R. L., DeBoer, M. D., Moore, S. R., Scharf, R. J., & Lima, A. A. M. (2013). The impoverished gut—a triple burden of diarrhoea, stunting and chronic disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 10(4), 220–229. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2012.239
  12. Harahap, R. A., & Putra, F. E. (2019). Buku Ajar Komunikasi Kesehatan. PRENADAMEDIA GROUP.
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  14. Huriah, T., & Nurjannah, N. (2020). Risk Factors of Stunting in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 8(F), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4466
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  17. Maulida, & Suriani. (2021). Pengaruh Komunikasi dan Mobilisasi Kader Posyandu terhadap Upaya Pencegahan Stunting. Jurnal Keperawatan Sriwijaya, 8(1), 1–10.
  18. Millward, D. J. (2017). Nutrition, infection and stunting: the roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children. Nutrition Research Reviews, 30(1), 50–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422416000238
  19. Moffat, R., Sayer, A., DeCook, K., Cornia, A., Linehan, M., Torres, S., Mulokozi, G., Crookston, B., Hall, C., & West, J. (2022). A National Communications Campaign to decrease childhood stunting in Tanzania: an analysis of the factors associated with exposure. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 531. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12930-6
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  21. Montenegro, C. R., Gomez, G., Hincapie, O., Dvoretskiy, S., DeWitt, T., Gracia, D., & Misas, J. D. (2022). The pediatric global burden of stunting: Focus on Latin America. Lifestyle Medicine, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/lim2.67
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  23. Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2018). Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar.
  24. Rahayuwati, L., Nurhidayah, I., Hidayati, N. O., Hendrawati, S., Agustina, H. S., Ekawati, R., & Setiawan, A. S. (2020). Analysis of factors affecting the prevalence of stunting on children under five years. EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci, 14, 6565–6575.
  25. Ramli, Yessy, Aji, S. P., Hadawiah, Bidullah, R., Pangaribuan, R., Agustiawan, Gani, A., Yusriani, Aspar, H., Hidayah, N., & Hayati, Z. (2022). Komunikasi Kesehatan. PT. Global Eksekutif Teknologi.
  26. Ridho, F. M., & Fauzan, M. (2023). A narrative review on the effectiveness of therapeutic communication in reducing anxiety in children during dental treatment procedures. International Journal of Health, 10(1), 9–13.
  27. Sadida, Z. J., Indriyanti, R., & Setiawan, A. S. (2022). Does Growth Stunting Correlate with Oral Health in Children?: A Systematic Review. European Journal of Dentistry, 16(01), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1731887
  28. Sari, L. Ti., Noviasari, I., & Wibisono, W. (2023). Peningkatan Perilaku Ibu dalam Penanganan Stunting dengan Metode Komunikasi Terapeutik. Indonesian Journal of Professional Nursing, 4(1), 45–51.
  29. Soliman, A., De Sanctis, V., Alaaraj, N., Ahmed, S., Alyafei, F., & Hamed, N. (2021). Early and Long-term Consequences of Nutritional Stunting: From Childhood to Adulthood. Acta Biomed, 92(1), e2021168. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92i1.11346
  30. Starkweather, C., Guarino, A., Bennion, N., Cottam, M., McGhie, J., Dearden, K. A., Santika, O., Jusril, H., Hall, C., Crookston, B. T., Linehan, M., Torres, S., Bennett, C., & West, J. H. (2020). An interpersonal nutrition campaign and maternal knowledge and childhood feeding practices: a case study from mothers in rural Indonesia. Archives of Public Health, 78(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-020-00444-9
  31. Sudfeld, C. R., McCoy, D. C., Fink, G., Muhihi, A., Bellinger, D. C., Masanja, H., Smith, E. R., Danaei, G., Ezzati, M., & Fawzi, W. W. (2015). Malnutrition and Its Determinants Are Associated with Suboptimal Cognitive, Communication, and Motor Development in Tanzanian Children. The Journal of Nutrition, 145(12), 2705–2714. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.115.215996
  32. Supriatin, E., Sudrajat, D. A., Annisa R, F., & Lindayani, L. (2020). The Effect of Stunting on Cognitive and Motor Development in Toddler Children: Literature Review. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Anak, 3(2), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.32584/jika.v3i2.782
  33. Suratri, M. A. L., Putro, G., Rachmat, B., Nurhayati, Ristrini, Pracoyo, N. E., Yulianto, A., Suryatma, A., Samsudin, M., & Raharni. (2023). Risk Factors for Stunting among Children under Five Years in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021640
  34. Tahangnacca, M., Amiruddin, R., Ansariadi, & Syam, A. (2020). Model of stunting determinants: A systematic review. Enfermería Clínica, 30, 241–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.10.076
  35. Umrah, S. A., Dahlan, K. A., & Patmahwati. (2022). Efektivitas Komunikasi Efektif terhadap Peningkatan Asupan Makronutrien pada Balita Stunting. JURNAL VOICE OF MIDWIFERY, 12(2), 84–94.
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  37. Wahyuni, E. S., & Putri, N. I. (2022). Sosialisasi Pencegahan Stunting Di Desa Banjar Negara Kecamatan Baradatu. Jompa Abdi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55784/jompaabdi.v1i3.162
  38. Wahyuningsih, W., Bukhari, A., Juliaty, A., Erika, K. A., Pamungkas, R. A., Siokal, B., Saharuddin, S., & Amir, S. (2022). Stunting Prevention and Control Program to Reduce the Prevalence of Stunting: Systematic Review Study. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(F), 190–200. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8562
  39. Wen, L. M., Rissel, C., Baur, L. A., Hayes, A. J., Xu, H., Whelan, A., Hua, M., Shaw, M., & Phongsavan, P. (2017). A 3-Arm randomised controlled trial of Communicating Healthy Beginnings Advice by Telephone (CHAT) to mothers with infants to prevent childhood obesity. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-4005-x
  40. Yanti, N. D., Betriana, F., & Kartika, I. R. (2020). Faktor Penyebab Stunting Pada Anak: Tinjauan Literatur. REAL in Nursing Journal, 3(1), 1–10.
  41. Yuliana, Y. (2023). The Role of Media for Communication During the Disaster. Jurnal Studi Ilmu Sosial Dan Politik, 3(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.35912/jasispol.v3i1.1940