The Impact of Young Agricultural Entrepreneurs on Poverty through Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP): Towards a Digitalization Strategy

Published: Dec 31, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This study explores the impact of Young Agricultural Entrepreneurs on poverty reduction through GRDP and proposes a digitalization strategy to enhance their role in promoting economic growth and alleviating poverty in Indramayu.

Methodology/approach: Utilizing an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, this research combines secondary data (2020–2024) with quantitative regression analysis (including the Sobel Test for mediation) and qualitative in-depth interviews with 10 Young Agricultural Entrepreneurs in Indramayu Regency.

Results/findings: The study finds that Young Agricultural Entrepreneurs significantly reduce poverty but have no significant effect on GRDP, indicating that poverty reduction occurs through direct household mechanisms rather than macroeconomic growth. It suggests that digitalization can enhance their contribution to GRDP by improving productivity, market access, and value-added activities, thereby supporting more sustainable poverty reduction.

Conclusion: This study shows that Young Agricultural Entrepreneurs reduce poverty in Indramayu through direct household and local economic impacts. While their activities influence GRDP, the effect is not significant. Digitalization plays a key role in enhancing productivity, market access, and value-added activities, strengthening their contribution to sustainable poverty reduction.

Limitations: The study's limitations include its reliance on aggregate secondary data over a relatively short period and a small sample size for the qualitative phase, which may not capture the full diversity of Young Agricultural Entrepreneursexperiences.

Contribution: This research offers policy recommendations for empowering Young Agricultural Entrepreneurs through a comprehensive digitalization strategy, thus fostering sustainable economic growth and long-term poverty reduction in rural areas.

Keywords:
1. Digitalization
2. GRDP
3. Indramayu
4. Poverty Reduction
5. Young Agricultural Entrepreneurs
Authors:
1 . Azzatillah Azzatillah
2 . Tiara Fitri Rizkiyah
How to Cite
Azzatillah, A., & Rizkiyah, T. F. (2025). The Impact of Young Agricultural Entrepreneurs on Poverty through Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP): Towards a Digitalization Strategy. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 7(1), 405–419. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v7i1.5498

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Issue & Section
References

    AbdulKareem, A. K., & Oladimeji, K. A. (2024). Cultivating the Digital Citizen: Trust, Digital Literacy and E-Government Adoption. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 18(2), 270-286. https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-11-2023-0196

    Agung, M. F. M. (2025). Strengthening Governance Through Pentahelix Collaboration: a Qualitative Study in The Era of Digital Disruptions. Journal Publicuho, 8(3), 1619-1626. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v8i3.873

    Anríquez, G., & López, R. (2007). Agricultural Growth and Poverty in an Archetypical Middle Income Country: Chile 1987–2003. Agricultural Economics, 36(2), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00198.x

    Artananda, W. Y., Nurhidayati, I., & Khomah, I. (2025). The Effect of Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and Business Knowledge on Millennial Farmers’ business success. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1497(1), 012026-012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1497/1/012026

    Awokuse, T. O., & Xie, R. (2015). Does Agriculture Really Matter for Economic Growth in Developing Countries? Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 63(1), 77-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12038

    Azzatillah, A., Nada, L., Rahmadina, D. S., Chairunnisa, C., & Savira, D. A. (2024). Technology Acceptance Model Theory on Intention to Use E-Recruitment. Jurnal Fokus Manajemen Bisnis, 14(2), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.12928/fokus.v14i2.11014

    Chen, N. (2025). The Impact of the Rural Digital Economy on China’s New-Type Urbanization. PLOS ONE, 20(4), e0321663-e0321663. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321663

    Dalimunthe, M. B., Sitanggang, B. E., & Panggabean, F. Y. (2022). The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Poverty In Indonesia. Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2022.5(3).03

    Damoah, O. B. O. (2020). Strategic Factors Predicting the Likelihood of Youth Entrepreneurship in Ghana: a Logistic Regression Analysis. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 16(4), 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-06-2018-0057

    Devkota, N., Joshi, A., Khanal, G., Mahapatra, S. K., Gautam, N., Paudel, U. R., & Bhandari, U. (2023). Awareness on Agricultural Entrepreneurship Among Youth Farmers: An Empirical Study from Western Nepal. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 13(5), 812-830. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-06-2021-0150

    Dzingirai, M. (2021). The Role of Entrepreneurship In Reducing Poverty in Agricultural Communities. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 15(5), 665-683. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-01-2021-0016

    Erfiana, E., Iqbal, M., & Malik, A. (2025). Pengaruh Human Capital, Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) Terhadap Kemiskinan Multidimensi di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam Tahun 2004-2023. Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen Dan Ilmu Ekonomi (Jasmien), 5(3), 56-67. doi:https://doi.org/10.54209/jasmien.v5i03.1241

    Falah, M. A., & Rahmawati, F. (2024). The GRDP per Capita, Human Development Index, Open Unemployment Rate, Regional Expenditure, and Poverty in East Java Province. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, 25(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.18196/jesp.v25i1.21327

    Fasakin, I. J., Ogunniyi, A. I., Bello, L. O., Mignouna, D., Adeoti, R., Bamba, Z., Abdoulaye, T., & Awotide, B. A. (2022). Impact of Intensive Youth Participation in Agriculture on Rural Households’ Revenue: Evidence from Rice Farming Households in Nigeria. Agriculture, 12(5), 584-584. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050584

    Fatmasari, D., Harjadi, D., & Hidayat, A. (2022). Analysis of Economic Improvement to Reduce Poverty in 2016-2020. Khazanah Sosial, 4(4), 757-764. https://doi.org/10.15575/ks.v4i4.23445

    Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5 ed.). Sage Publications.

    Fitri Rizkiyah, T., & Nurhayati, N. (2020). Pengaruh Peningkatan Kredit BPR, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Kemiskinan. Gema Wiralodra, 11(2), 311-326. https://doi.org/10.31943/gemawiralodra.v11i2.135

    Geza, W., Ngidi, M., Ojo, T., Adetoro, A. A., Slotow, R., & Mabhaudhi, T. (2021). Youth Participation in Agriculture: A Scoping Review. Sustainability, 13(16), 9120-9120. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169120

    Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality Tests for Statistical Analysis: A Guide for Non-Statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486-489. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3505

    Haile, D. (2025). The Effect of Agricultural Productivity on Poverty: What Does Meta-Regression Analyses Reveal?. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1), 1-30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2580057

    Harniati, H., & Anwarudin, O. (2018). The Interest and Action of Young Agricultural Entrepreneur on Agribusiness in Cianjur Regency, West Java. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v14i1.18913

    Heryadi, D. Y., Widarawati, R., & Suprapto, A. (2025). The Role of Youth Agripreneurship in Enhancing Food Security and Innovation in Rural Agribusiness System. The Journal of Academic Science, 2(8), 2009-2019. doi:https://doi.org/10.59613/dr9q8683

    Himawan, H. M., Kurniawan, A., Kusyairi, I., & Laksono, Y. H. (2020). Pembuatan Pabrik Gula untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Tlogowaru Malang. Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 81-88. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jpm.v1i2.102

    Hlouskova, Z., & Prasilova, M. (2020). Economic Outcomes in Relation To Farmers' Age in the Czech Republic. Agricultural Economics (Zem?d?lská ekonomika), 66(4), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.17221/117/2019-AGRICECON

    Ismail, A. (2021). Alleviating Poverty through Youth and Women Entrepreneurship Developments. European Journal of Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/13-11-05

    Judijanto, L., Defitri, S. Y., Mu'min, H., Harsono, I., & Isma, A. (2024). Pengaruh E-Commerce dalam Pemasaran Produk Pertanian Organik terhadap Keuntungan dan Pangsa Pasar Pedesaan di Bandung. Jurnal Multidisiplin West Science, 3(1), 78-87. doi:https://doi.org/10.58812/jmws.v3i01.941

    Jumhur, J. (2024). The Effect of Economic Growth And Poverty on Stunting in Indonesia. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, 11(6), 433-448. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v11i6.26871

    Kote, P., M, Y., Jabeen, A., T. N, S., Prabhavathi, S. J., Ramasamy, M., Dhanalakshmi, K., Chitra, K., & Malathi, G. (2024). A Scoping Review on Youth Participation in Agriculture: Sustainable Development, Food Security, and Economic Growth. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 30(5), 947-958. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52012

    Kumar, A. (2024). E-Farming Management System. Interantional Journal Of Scientific Research In Engineering And Management, 08(05), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM32279

    Li, Z., & Yao, J. (2019). Testing for Heteroscedasticity in High-Dimensional Regressions. Econometrics and Statistics, 9, 122-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosta.2018.01.001

    Lind, A. D., Marchal, G. W., & Wathen, A. S. (2018). Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics (Seventeenth Edition ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

    Machmud, S., & Sidharta, I. (2023). The Relationship Between Regional Development, Human Development And Poverty: A Perspective From the Indonesian Province. Nurture, 17(3), 157-165. https://doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v17i3.283

    Magesa, M., Jonathan, J., & Urassa, J. (2023). Digital Literacy of Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania. Sustainability, 15(17), 13149-13149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713149

    Ministry of Agriculture. (2024). Indramayu Semakin Kuat Jadi Penopang Utama Ketahanan Pangan Nasional Lewat Padi Gogo. In.

    Mukti, R. (2024). Booklet of Poverty in March 2024 of Jawa Barat Province.

    Naminse, E. Y., & Zhuang, J. (2018). Does Farmer Entrepreneurship Alleviate Rural Poverty in China? Evidence from Guangxi Province. PLOS ONE, 13(3), e0194912-e0194912. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194912

    Ningrum, R. T. G., & Jainuddin, J. (2023). Influence of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) and Investment Against Poverty In East Kalimantan Province. Journal Competency of Business, 7(2), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.47200/jcob.v7i02.2215

    Nishant Wasatkar, N., Gajanan Chavhan, P., & Kolekar, V. K. (2023). IoT and AI-based Smart Farm: Optimizing Crop Yield and Sustainability. In Research Trends in Artificial Intelligence: Internet of Things (pp. 1-17). Bentham Science Publishers. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815136449123010004

    Okolo-obasi, N. E., & Uduji, J. I. (2023). Does Agri-Business/Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Scheme (AGSMEIS) impact on youth entrepreneurship development in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 39(3), 571-595. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-05-2021-0094

    Osabohien, R., Matthew, O., Gershon, O., Ogunbiyi, T., & Nwosu, E. (2019). Agriculture Development, Employment Generation and Poverty Reduction in West Africa. The Open Agriculture Journal, 13(1), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331501913010082

    Osei, C. D., & Zhuang, J. (2020). Rural Poverty Alleviation Strategies and Social Capital Link: The Mediation Role of Women Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation. Sage Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020925504

    Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS. McGraw-Hill, Open University Press.

    Pek, K. M., Mollet, J. A., & Urip, T. P. (2025). Economic Impact Analysis of Coffee Enterprises on Community Income in Mimika Regency, Central Papua Province. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Business Studies, 2(4), 269-280. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomabs.v2i4.3402

    Perera, L. D. H., & Lee, G. H. Y. (2013). Have Economic Growth and Institutional Quality Contributed to Poverty and Inequality Reduction In Asia? Journal of Asian Economics, 27, 71-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2013.06.002

    Rosyadi, I., Gunarto, T., & Yuliawan, D. (2025). The Effect of Financial Inclusion on Poverty Rate in Sumatra Island. Global Academy of Business Studies, 2(1), 33-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/gabs.v2i1.3585

    Safitri, W., Gusniarti, F., Al Ikhsan, M. D., Sherlyanti, A. P., Nairobi, N., Nirmala, T., & Darmawan, A. (2024). Analisis Dampak Sektor Perkebunan terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Mengacu pada SDGs Indonesia 2021. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 2(2), 89-99. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v2i2.2480

    Saghaian, S., Mohammadi, H., & Mohammadi, M. (2022). Factors Affecting Success of Entrepreneurship in Agribusinesses: Evidence from the City of Mashhad, Iran. Sustainability, 14(13), 7700-7700. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137700

    Saridakis, G., Georgellis, Y., Muñoz Torres, R. I., Mohammed, A.-M., & Blackburn, R. (2021). From subsistence Farming to Agribusiness And Nonfarm Entrepreneurship: Does it Improve Economic Conditions and Well-Being? Journal of Business Research, 136, 567-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.037

    Shams, S. H., Sokout, S., Nakajima, H., Kumamoto, M., & Khan, G. D. (2024). Addressing Food Insecurity in South Sudan: Insights and Solutions from Young Entrepreneurs. Sustainability, 16(12), 5197-5197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125197

    Sihombing, P. R., Nurhidayati, N., Purwanti, D., Budiantono, S., & Arsani, A. M. (2023). Endogenous Modeling of the Effect of Gender Development on Poverty in Indonesia in 2021. Jurnal Perspektif, 21(2), 153-157. https://doi.org/10.31294/jp.v21i2.16797

    Statistics of Indramayu, R. (2025). Persentase Penduduk Miskin Menurut Kab/Kota (Persen), 2025.

    Suryahadi, A., Suryadarma, D., & Sumarto, S. (2009). The Effects of Location and Sectoral Components of Economic Growth on Poverty: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Development Economics, 89(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.08.003

    Uyanto, S. S. (2020). Power Comparisons of Five Most Commonly Used Autocorrelation Tests. Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research, 119-130. https://doi.org/10.18187/pjsor.v16i1.2691

    Wibisono, O. S., & Arymurthy, A. M. (2023). Using Histogram Extracted from Satelite Imagery and Convolutional Network to Predict GRDP in Java Region. Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi), 7(5), 1019-1025. https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v7i5.5092

    Wulandari, D., Narmaditya, B. S., Prayitno, P. H., Ishak, S., & Asnan, L. (2019). Human Development Index, Poverty and Gross Regional Domestic Product: Evidence from Malang, Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (JPEB), 7(2), 146-152. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPEB.007.2.6

    Yonla, M. N., Auta, H. D., Katunku, F. L., & Dafeng, T. G. (2024). Roles of Positive Psychological Capital Resources Dimensions on Self-employment Creation Among Youths. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 111-128. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v5i2.2154

    Zhang, X., & Fan, D. (2023). Can Agricultural Digital Transformation Help Farmers Increase Income? an Empirical Study Based on Thousands of Farmers in Hubei Province. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(6), 14405-14431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03200-5

    Zhang, Y., Yang, C., Yan, S., Wang, W., & Xue, Y. (2023). Alleviating Relative Poverty in Rural China through a Diffusion Schema of Returning Farmer Entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 15(2), 1380-1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021380

  1. AbdulKareem, A. K., & Oladimeji, K. A. (2024). Cultivating the Digital Citizen: Trust, Digital Literacy and E-Government Adoption. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 18(2), 270-286. https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-11-2023-0196
  2. Agung, M. F. M. (2025). Strengthening Governance Through Pentahelix Collaboration: a Qualitative Study in The Era of Digital Disruptions. Journal Publicuho, 8(3), 1619-1626. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v8i3.873
  3. Anríquez, G., & López, R. (2007). Agricultural Growth and Poverty in an Archetypical Middle Income Country: Chile 1987–2003. Agricultural Economics, 36(2), 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2007.00198.x
  4. Artananda, W. Y., Nurhidayati, I., & Khomah, I. (2025). The Effect of Self-Efficacy, Motivation, and Business Knowledge on Millennial Farmers’ business success. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1497(1), 012026-012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1497/1/012026
  5. Awokuse, T. O., & Xie, R. (2015). Does Agriculture Really Matter for Economic Growth in Developing Countries? Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 63(1), 77-99. https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12038
  6. Azzatillah, A., Nada, L., Rahmadina, D. S., Chairunnisa, C., & Savira, D. A. (2024). Technology Acceptance Model Theory on Intention to Use E-Recruitment. Jurnal Fokus Manajemen Bisnis, 14(2), 241-255. https://doi.org/10.12928/fokus.v14i2.11014
  7. Chen, N. (2025). The Impact of the Rural Digital Economy on China’s New-Type Urbanization. PLOS ONE, 20(4), e0321663-e0321663. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321663
  8. Dalimunthe, M. B., Sitanggang, B. E., & Panggabean, F. Y. (2022). The Relationship Between Economic Growth and Poverty In Indonesia. Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 33-38. https://doi.org/10.52326/jss.utm.2022.5(3).03
  9. Damoah, O. B. O. (2020). Strategic Factors Predicting the Likelihood of Youth Entrepreneurship in Ghana: a Logistic Regression Analysis. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 16(4), 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-06-2018-0057
  10. Devkota, N., Joshi, A., Khanal, G., Mahapatra, S. K., Gautam, N., Paudel, U. R., & Bhandari, U. (2023). Awareness on Agricultural Entrepreneurship Among Youth Farmers: An Empirical Study from Western Nepal. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 13(5), 812-830. https://doi.org/10.1108/JADEE-06-2021-0150
  11. Dzingirai, M. (2021). The Role of Entrepreneurship In Reducing Poverty in Agricultural Communities. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 15(5), 665-683. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-01-2021-0016
  12. Erfiana, E., Iqbal, M., & Malik, A. (2025). Pengaruh Human Capital, Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) dan Tingkat Partisipasi Angkatan Kerja (TPAK) Terhadap Kemiskinan Multidimensi di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam Tahun 2004-2023. Jurnal Akuntansi, Manajemen Dan Ilmu Ekonomi (Jasmien), 5(3), 56-67. doi:https://doi.org/10.54209/jasmien.v5i03.1241
  13. Falah, M. A., & Rahmawati, F. (2024). The GRDP per Capita, Human Development Index, Open Unemployment Rate, Regional Expenditure, and Poverty in East Java Province. Jurnal Ekonomi & Studi Pembangunan, 25(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.18196/jesp.v25i1.21327
  14. Fasakin, I. J., Ogunniyi, A. I., Bello, L. O., Mignouna, D., Adeoti, R., Bamba, Z., Abdoulaye, T., & Awotide, B. A. (2022). Impact of Intensive Youth Participation in Agriculture on Rural Households’ Revenue: Evidence from Rice Farming Households in Nigeria. Agriculture, 12(5), 584-584. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050584
  15. Fatmasari, D., Harjadi, D., & Hidayat, A. (2022). Analysis of Economic Improvement to Reduce Poverty in 2016-2020. Khazanah Sosial, 4(4), 757-764. https://doi.org/10.15575/ks.v4i4.23445
  16. Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (5 ed.). Sage Publications.
  17. Fitri Rizkiyah, T., & Nurhayati, N. (2020). Pengaruh Peningkatan Kredit BPR, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Kemiskinan. Gema Wiralodra, 11(2), 311-326. https://doi.org/10.31943/gemawiralodra.v11i2.135
  18. Geza, W., Ngidi, M., Ojo, T., Adetoro, A. A., Slotow, R., & Mabhaudhi, T. (2021). Youth Participation in Agriculture: A Scoping Review. Sustainability, 13(16), 9120-9120. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169120
  19. Ghasemi, A., & Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality Tests for Statistical Analysis: A Guide for Non-Statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486-489. https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.3505
  20. Haile, D. (2025). The Effect of Agricultural Productivity on Poverty: What Does Meta-Regression Analyses Reveal?. Cogent Social Sciences, 11(1), 1-30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2025.2580057
  21. Harniati, H., & Anwarudin, O. (2018). The Interest and Action of Young Agricultural Entrepreneur on Agribusiness in Cianjur Regency, West Java. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.25015/penyuluhan.v14i1.18913
  22. Heryadi, D. Y., Widarawati, R., & Suprapto, A. (2025). The Role of Youth Agripreneurship in Enhancing Food Security and Innovation in Rural Agribusiness System. The Journal of Academic Science, 2(8), 2009-2019. doi:https://doi.org/10.59613/dr9q8683
  23. Himawan, H. M., Kurniawan, A., Kusyairi, I., & Laksono, Y. H. (2020). Pembuatan Pabrik Gula untuk Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Tlogowaru Malang. Yumary: Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 1(2), 81-88. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jpm.v1i2.102
  24. Hlouskova, Z., & Prasilova, M. (2020). Economic Outcomes in Relation To Farmers' Age in the Czech Republic. Agricultural Economics (Zem?d?lská ekonomika), 66(4), 149-159. https://doi.org/10.17221/117/2019-AGRICECON
  25. Ismail, A. (2021). Alleviating Poverty through Youth and Women Entrepreneurship Developments. European Journal of Business and Management. https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/13-11-05
  26. Judijanto, L., Defitri, S. Y., Mu'min, H., Harsono, I., & Isma, A. (2024). Pengaruh E-Commerce dalam Pemasaran Produk Pertanian Organik terhadap Keuntungan dan Pangsa Pasar Pedesaan di Bandung. Jurnal Multidisiplin West Science, 3(1), 78-87. doi:https://doi.org/10.58812/jmws.v3i01.941
  27. Jumhur, J. (2024). The Effect of Economic Growth And Poverty on Stunting in Indonesia. Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah, 11(6), 433-448. https://doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v11i6.26871
  28. Kote, P., M, Y., Jabeen, A., T. N, S., Prabhavathi, S. J., Ramasamy, M., Dhanalakshmi, K., Chitra, K., & Malathi, G. (2024). A Scoping Review on Youth Participation in Agriculture: Sustainable Development, Food Security, and Economic Growth. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 30(5), 947-958. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52012
  29. Kumar, A. (2024). E-Farming Management System. Interantional Journal Of Scientific Research In Engineering And Management, 08(05), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM32279
  30. Li, Z., & Yao, J. (2019). Testing for Heteroscedasticity in High-Dimensional Regressions. Econometrics and Statistics, 9, 122-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosta.2018.01.001
  31. Lind, A. D., Marchal, G. W., & Wathen, A. S. (2018). Statistical Techniques in Business & Economics (Seventeenth Edition ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  32. Machmud, S., & Sidharta, I. (2023). The Relationship Between Regional Development, Human Development And Poverty: A Perspective From the Indonesian Province. Nurture, 17(3), 157-165. https://doi.org/10.55951/nurture.v17i3.283
  33. Magesa, M., Jonathan, J., & Urassa, J. (2023). Digital Literacy of Smallholder Farmers in Tanzania. Sustainability, 15(17), 13149-13149. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713149
  34. Ministry of Agriculture. (2024). Indramayu Semakin Kuat Jadi Penopang Utama Ketahanan Pangan Nasional Lewat Padi Gogo. In.
  35. Mukti, R. (2024). Booklet of Poverty in March 2024 of Jawa Barat Province.
  36. Naminse, E. Y., & Zhuang, J. (2018). Does Farmer Entrepreneurship Alleviate Rural Poverty in China? Evidence from Guangxi Province. PLOS ONE, 13(3), e0194912-e0194912. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194912
  37. Ningrum, R. T. G., & Jainuddin, J. (2023). Influence of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) and Investment Against Poverty In East Kalimantan Province. Journal Competency of Business, 7(2), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.47200/jcob.v7i02.2215
  38. Nishant Wasatkar, N., Gajanan Chavhan, P., & Kolekar, V. K. (2023). IoT and AI-based Smart Farm: Optimizing Crop Yield and Sustainability. In Research Trends in Artificial Intelligence: Internet of Things (pp. 1-17). Bentham Science Publishers. https://doi.org/10.2174/9789815136449123010004
  39. Okolo-obasi, N. E., & Uduji, J. I. (2023). Does Agri-Business/Small and Medium Enterprise Investment Scheme (AGSMEIS) impact on youth entrepreneurship development in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from Nigeria. Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences, 39(3), 571-595. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEAS-05-2021-0094
  40. Osabohien, R., Matthew, O., Gershon, O., Ogunbiyi, T., & Nwosu, E. (2019). Agriculture Development, Employment Generation and Poverty Reduction in West Africa. The Open Agriculture Journal, 13(1), 82-89. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331501913010082
  41. Osei, C. D., & Zhuang, J. (2020). Rural Poverty Alleviation Strategies and Social Capital Link: The Mediation Role of Women Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation. Sage Open, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020925504
  42. Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using IBM SPSS. McGraw-Hill, Open University Press.
  43. Pek, K. M., Mollet, J. A., & Urip, T. P. (2025). Economic Impact Analysis of Coffee Enterprises on Community Income in Mimika Regency, Central Papua Province. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Business Studies, 2(4), 269-280. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jomabs.v2i4.3402
  44. Perera, L. D. H., & Lee, G. H. Y. (2013). Have Economic Growth and Institutional Quality Contributed to Poverty and Inequality Reduction In Asia? Journal of Asian Economics, 27, 71-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2013.06.002
  45. Rosyadi, I., Gunarto, T., & Yuliawan, D. (2025). The Effect of Financial Inclusion on Poverty Rate in Sumatra Island. Global Academy of Business Studies, 2(1), 33-49. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/gabs.v2i1.3585
  46. Safitri, W., Gusniarti, F., Al Ikhsan, M. D., Sherlyanti, A. P., Nairobi, N., Nirmala, T., & Darmawan, A. (2024). Analisis Dampak Sektor Perkebunan terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Mengacu pada SDGs Indonesia 2021. Studi Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik, 2(2), 89-99. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/sekp.v2i2.2480
  47. Saghaian, S., Mohammadi, H., & Mohammadi, M. (2022). Factors Affecting Success of Entrepreneurship in Agribusinesses: Evidence from the City of Mashhad, Iran. Sustainability, 14(13), 7700-7700. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137700
  48. Saridakis, G., Georgellis, Y., Muñoz Torres, R. I., Mohammed, A.-M., & Blackburn, R. (2021). From subsistence Farming to Agribusiness And Nonfarm Entrepreneurship: Does it Improve Economic Conditions and Well-Being? Journal of Business Research, 136, 567-579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.07.037
  49. Shams, S. H., Sokout, S., Nakajima, H., Kumamoto, M., & Khan, G. D. (2024). Addressing Food Insecurity in South Sudan: Insights and Solutions from Young Entrepreneurs. Sustainability, 16(12), 5197-5197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125197
  50. Sihombing, P. R., Nurhidayati, N., Purwanti, D., Budiantono, S., & Arsani, A. M. (2023). Endogenous Modeling of the Effect of Gender Development on Poverty in Indonesia in 2021. Jurnal Perspektif, 21(2), 153-157. https://doi.org/10.31294/jp.v21i2.16797
  51. Statistics of Indramayu, R. (2025). Persentase Penduduk Miskin Menurut Kab/Kota (Persen), 2025.
  52. Suryahadi, A., Suryadarma, D., & Sumarto, S. (2009). The Effects of Location and Sectoral Components of Economic Growth on Poverty: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Development Economics, 89(1), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.08.003
  53. Uyanto, S. S. (2020). Power Comparisons of Five Most Commonly Used Autocorrelation Tests. Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research, 119-130. https://doi.org/10.18187/pjsor.v16i1.2691
  54. Wibisono, O. S., & Arymurthy, A. M. (2023). Using Histogram Extracted from Satelite Imagery and Convolutional Network to Predict GRDP in Java Region. Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi), 7(5), 1019-1025. https://doi.org/10.29207/resti.v7i5.5092
  55. Wulandari, D., Narmaditya, B. S., Prayitno, P. H., Ishak, S., & Asnan, L. (2019). Human Development Index, Poverty and Gross Regional Domestic Product: Evidence from Malang, Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis (JPEB), 7(2), 146-152. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPEB.007.2.6
  56. Yonla, M. N., Auta, H. D., Katunku, F. L., & Dafeng, T. G. (2024). Roles of Positive Psychological Capital Resources Dimensions on Self-employment Creation Among Youths. Journal of Sustainable Tourism and Entrepreneurship, 5(2), 111-128. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v5i2.2154
  57. Zhang, X., & Fan, D. (2023). Can Agricultural Digital Transformation Help Farmers Increase Income? an Empirical Study Based on Thousands of Farmers in Hubei Province. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(6), 14405-14431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03200-5
  58. Zhang, Y., Yang, C., Yan, S., Wang, W., & Xue, Y. (2023). Alleviating Relative Poverty in Rural China through a Diffusion Schema of Returning Farmer Entrepreneurship. Sustainability, 15(2), 1380-1380. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021380