Pengaruh Sustainable Leadership terhadap Sustainable Performance dengan Mediasi Variabel Social Innovation

https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v6i2.3762
Published: Mar 7, 2025

Abstract:

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of seeing the influence of Sustainable Leadership on Sustainable Performance with the mediation of Social Innovation.

Research methodology: The method used in this research was a quantitative method with questionnaire to collect data. The population consisted of manufacturing companies in Batam. The questionnaire was distributed through google forms and hypothesis testing was performed using a Structural Equation Model (SEM).

Results: The results of this research show that Sustainable Leadership has a significant and positive influence on Social Innovation, Social Innovation has a significant and positive influence on Sustainable Performance, Sustainable Leadership has a significant and positive influence on Sustainable Performance and Sustainable Leadership has a positive and significant influence on Sustainable Leadership with the mediation of Social Innovation.

Conclusion: The study concludes that sustainable leadership has a significant impact on sustainable performance, with social innovation serving as a mediating variable. The findings highlight the importance of integrating leadership practices focused on sustainability to enhance long-term organizational performance through innovation in social practices.

Limitations: This research didn’t use a larger sample size and multiple data sources to validate these empirical findings.

Contribution: This research contributes to the development of academic knowledge also by integrating sustainable research development, higher education, leadership and innovation.

Keywords:
1. Sustainable Leadership
2. Sustainable Performance
3. Social Innovation Manufacturing Companies in Batam
Authors:
1 . Ratih Anggraini
2 . Selina Phang
3 . Lily Sudhartio
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How to Cite
Anggraini, R., Phang, S. ., & Sudhartio, L. (2025). Pengaruh Sustainable Leadership terhadap Sustainable Performance dengan Mediasi Variabel Social Innovation . Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 6(2), 345–357. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v6i2.3762
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Issue & Section
Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Maret
Articles
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References

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    Ahmad, I., & Hassan Zia, M. (2023). Impact of Sustainable Leadership on Sustainable Performance with Mediating Role of Structural Empowerment: A Study in SMEs [manufacturing (textile) sector] of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 8(4), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-84004

    Ali, M. H., Abd, M., Abdulnabi, S. M., Basheer, Z. M., Wafqan, H. M., Al_Lami, G. K., Alwan, A. N., & Mohammad, T. A. (2022). Mediating Impact of Supply Chain Management Capabilities among the Relationship of Digital Innovation, Technology Innovation and Corporate Sustainable Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Iraq. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 28(1), 316–334. https://submissions.ijoqm.org/index.php/ijoqm/article/view/67

    Alraja, M. N., Imran, R., Khashab, B. M., & Shah, M. (2022). Technological Innovation, Sustainable Green Practices and SMEs Sustainable Performance in Times of Crisis (COVID-19 pandemic). Information Systems Frontiers, 24(4), 1081–1105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10250-z

    Anggraini, R., Kho, K., & Aliandrina, D. (2023). The influence of sustainable leadership and sustainable performance through frugal innovation in tourist villages in Indonesia. Jurnal Pariwisata Pesona, 8(2), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.26905/jpp.v8i2.11405

    Anggraini, R., Siagian, Y. M., & Yusran, H. L. (2023). Influencing Factors Enhancement Innovation Performance of Rural Tourism in Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(3), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.3.1939

    Bashynska, I., Malynovska, Y., Kolinko, N., Bielialov, T., Järvis, M., Kovalska, K., & Saiensus, M. (2024). Performance Assessment of Sustainable Leadership of Enterprise’s Circular Economy-Driven Innovative Activities. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 558, 16(2), 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16020558

    Borah, P. S., Iqbal, S., & Akhtar, S. (2022). Linking social media usage and SME’s sustainable performance: The role of digital leadership and innovation capabilities. Technology in Society, 68, 101900. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2022.101900

    Burawat, P. (2019). The relationships among transformational leadership, sustainable leadership, lean manufacturing and sustainability performance in Thai SMEs manufacturing industry. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 36(6), 1014–1036. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-09-2017-0178

    Deu, I. (2022). Business Model , Innovation , and Start-Up Sustainability in Indonesia. Journal of Information System and Technology, 03(03), 10–19.

    Efendi, B. (2023). the Moderating Effect of Managerial Environmental Concerns on the Effect of Green Product Innovation and Green Innovation Processes on the Sustainable Performance of Food and Beverage Sector Smes in Banjarnegara Regency. 7, 2372–2381.

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    Guaita Martínez, J. M., Puertas, R., Martín Martín, J. M., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2022). Digitalization, innovation and environmental policies aimed at achieving sustainable production. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 32, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SPC.2022.03.035

    Hair, J. F., Huit, G. T. M., Proksch, D., Sarstedt, M., Pinkwart, A., & Ringle, C. M. (2018). Addressing Endogeneity in International Marketing Applications of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Https://Doi.Org/10.1509/Jim.17.0151, 26(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1509/JIM.17.0151

    Hanaysha, J. R., Al-Shaikh, M. E., Joghee, S., & Alzoubi, H. M. (2021). Impact of Innovation Capabilities on Business Sustainability in Small and Medium Enterprises. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/23197145211042232, 11(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145211042232

    Haroon, A., Sami, A., Rehman, S., Fahad, H., & Irfan, A. (2019). Sustainable Leadership Enhance Innovation: A Systematic Review of Past Decade. Journal of Public Value and Administrative Insight, 2(4), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.31580/jpvai.v2i4.1151

    Hu, L., Li, H. X., Lee, S. C., Lee, Y. S., & Yen, S. J. (2024). How Does Sustainable Leadership Promote the Willingness to Adopt an Environmental Innovation Strategy? The Key Mediating Role of Environmental Value. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 2988, 16(7), 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16072988

    Huo, C., Safdar, M. A., & Ahmed, M. (2023). Impact of responsible leadership on sustainable performance: a moderated mediation model. Kybernetes, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/K-03-2023-0342/FULL/XML

    Imran, R., Alraja, M. N., & Khashab, B. (2023). Sustainable Performance and Green Innovation: Green Human Resources Management and Big Data as Antecedents. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 70(12), 4191–4206. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3114256

    Iqbal, Q., Ahmad, N. H., & Li, Y. (2021). Sustainable leadership in frontier asia region: Managerial discretion and environmental innovation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095002

    Iqbal, Q., Ahmad, N. H., Li, Z., & Li, Y. (2022). To walk in beauty: Sustainable leadership, frugal innovation and environmental performance. Managerial and Decision Economics, 43(3), 738–750. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3415

    Iqbal, Q., Ahmad, N. H., Nasim, A., & Khan, S. A. R. (2020). A moderated-mediation analysis of psychological empowerment: Sustainable leadership and sustainable performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121429. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2020.121429

    Iqbal, Q., & Piwowar-Sulej, K. (2022a). Sustainable leadership in higher education institutions: social innovation as a mechanism. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(8), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-04-2021-0162

    Iqbal, Q., & Piwowar-Sulej, K. (2022b). Sustainable leadership in higher education institutions: social innovation as a mechanism. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(8), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-04-2021-0162

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    Lee, M.-J., & Roh, T. (2023). Digitalization capability and sustainable performance in emerging markets: mediating roles of in/out-bound open innovation and coopetition strategy. Management Decision, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2022-1398

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    Pantouvakis, A., & Vlachos, I. (2020). Talent and leadership effects on sustainable performance in the maritime industry. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 86, 102440. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRD.2020.102440

    Pham, H., & Kim, S. Y. (2019). The effects of sustainable practices and managers’ leadership competences on sustainability performance of construction firms. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 20, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SPC.2019.05.003

    Piwowar-Sulej, K., & Iqbal, Q. (2023). Leadership styles and sustainable performance: A systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 382, 134600. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.134600

    Purwaningsih, N., Tarto, T., & Candraningsih, E. O. (2023). Pengaruh Green Training, Green Recruitment Dan Green Transformational Leadership Terhadap Sustainable Corporate Performance PT ABC Di Tanggerang. Dynamic Management Journal, 7(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.31000/dmj.v7i1.7660

    Rehman Khan, S. A., Ahmad, Z., Sheikh, A. A., & Yu, Z. (2022). Digital transformation, smart technologies, and eco-innovation are paving the way toward sustainable supply chain performance. Science Progress, 105(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504221145648/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/10.1177_00368504221145648-FIG4.JPEG

    Sadabadi, A. A., & Mirzamani, A. (2023). The sustainable development goals and leadership in public sector: a case study of social innovation in the disability sector of Iran. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 36(2), 286–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2021.1964346

    Sapta, I. K. S., Sudja, I. N., Landra, I. N., & Rustiarini, N. W. (2021). Sustainability performance of organization: Mediating role of knowledge management. Economies, 9(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030097

    Shahzad, M., Qu, Y., Zafar, A. U., Rehman, S. U., & Islam, T. (2020). Exploring the influence of knowledge management process on corporate sustainable performance through green innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(9), 2079–2106. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2019-0624

    Suriyankietkaew, S. (2019). Sustainable leadership and entrepreneurship for corporate sustainability in small enterprises: An empirical analysis. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 15(1–2), 256–275. https://doi.org/10.1504/WREMSD.2019.098463

    Suriyankietkaew, S., Krittayaruangroj, K., & Iamsawan, N. (2022). Sustainable Leadership Practices and Competencies of SMEs for Sustainability and Resilience: A Community-Based Social Enterprise Study. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(10), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105762

    Tay, B., & Sundiman, D. (2021). Pengaruh Inovasi Hijau Terhadap Kinerja Berkelanjutan: Peran Moderasi Dari Kepedulian Lingkungan Manajerial (Studi pada UMKM di Batam). DeReMa (Development Research of Management): Jurnal Manajemen, 16(1), 96. https://www.academia.edu/73052412/

    Wardana, S. (2019). Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Cacat PHX Toshiba pada PT Schneider Electric Manufacturing Batam.

    Zainol, N. R., Zainol, F. A., Ibrahim, Y., & Afthanorhan, A. (2019). Scaling up social innovation for sustainability: The roles of social enterprise capabilities. Management Science Letters, 9(3), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2018.12.005

    Zhang, Z., Zhu, H., Zhou, Z., & Zou, K. (2022). How does innovation matter for sustainable performance? Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 153, 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2022.08.034

  1. Aftab, J., Abid, N., Sarwar, H., & Veneziani, M. (2022). Environmental ethics, green innovation, and sustainable performance: Exploring the role of environmental leadership and environmental strategy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 378, 134639. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.134639
  2. Ahmad, I., & Hassan Zia, M. (2023). Impact of Sustainable Leadership on Sustainable Performance with Mediating Role of Structural Empowerment: A Study in SMEs [manufacturing (textile) sector] of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 8(4), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2023-84004
  3. Ali, M. H., Abd, M., Abdulnabi, S. M., Basheer, Z. M., Wafqan, H. M., Al_Lami, G. K., Alwan, A. N., & Mohammad, T. A. (2022). Mediating Impact of Supply Chain Management Capabilities among the Relationship of Digital Innovation, Technology Innovation and Corporate Sustainable Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Iraq. International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management, 28(1), 316–334. https://submissions.ijoqm.org/index.php/ijoqm/article/view/67
  4. Alraja, M. N., Imran, R., Khashab, B. M., & Shah, M. (2022). Technological Innovation, Sustainable Green Practices and SMEs Sustainable Performance in Times of Crisis (COVID-19 pandemic). Information Systems Frontiers, 24(4), 1081–1105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10250-z
  5. Anggraini, R., Kho, K., & Aliandrina, D. (2023). The influence of sustainable leadership and sustainable performance through frugal innovation in tourist villages in Indonesia. Jurnal Pariwisata Pesona, 8(2), 277–285. https://doi.org/10.26905/jpp.v8i2.11405
  6. Anggraini, R., Siagian, Y. M., & Yusran, H. L. (2023). Influencing Factors Enhancement Innovation Performance of Rural Tourism in Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(3), 11–15. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.3.1939
  7. Bashynska, I., Malynovska, Y., Kolinko, N., Bielialov, T., Järvis, M., Kovalska, K., & Saiensus, M. (2024). Performance Assessment of Sustainable Leadership of Enterprise’s Circular Economy-Driven Innovative Activities. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 558, 16(2), 558. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16020558
  8. Borah, P. S., Iqbal, S., & Akhtar, S. (2022). Linking social media usage and SME’s sustainable performance: The role of digital leadership and innovation capabilities. Technology in Society, 68, 101900. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHSOC.2022.101900
  9. Burawat, P. (2019). The relationships among transformational leadership, sustainable leadership, lean manufacturing and sustainability performance in Thai SMEs manufacturing industry. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 36(6), 1014–1036. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-09-2017-0178
  10. Deu, I. (2022). Business Model , Innovation , and Start-Up Sustainability in Indonesia. Journal of Information System and Technology, 03(03), 10–19.
  11. Efendi, B. (2023). the Moderating Effect of Managerial Environmental Concerns on the Effect of Green Product Innovation and Green Innovation Processes on the Sustainable Performance of Food and Beverage Sector Smes in Banjarnegara Regency. 7, 2372–2381.
  12. Eryc, E., & Cindy. (2023). Adoption Of Eco-Innovation And Digitalization Influence On The Business Performance Of Umkm In Batam City. Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi, 14(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.51903/JTIKP.V14I1.468
  13. Faruq, M. S. Al. (2016). Perbandingan Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan Di Sdn Se-Kabupaten Lamongan M. Saunan Al Faruq. Perbandingan Efektivitas Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Laki-Laki Dan Perempuan Di Sdn Se-Kabupaten Lamongan, 1–9.
  14. Fatoki, O. (2021). Sustainable leadership and sustainable performance of hospitality firms in South Africa. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 8(4), 610–621. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2021.8.4(37)
  15. Guaita Martínez, J. M., Puertas, R., Martín Martín, J. M., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2022). Digitalization, innovation and environmental policies aimed at achieving sustainable production. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 32, 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SPC.2022.03.035
  16. Hair, J. F., Huit, G. T. M., Proksch, D., Sarstedt, M., Pinkwart, A., & Ringle, C. M. (2018). Addressing Endogeneity in International Marketing Applications of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Https://Doi.Org/10.1509/Jim.17.0151, 26(3), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1509/JIM.17.0151
  17. Hanaysha, J. R., Al-Shaikh, M. E., Joghee, S., & Alzoubi, H. M. (2021). Impact of Innovation Capabilities on Business Sustainability in Small and Medium Enterprises. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/23197145211042232, 11(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145211042232
  18. Haroon, A., Sami, A., Rehman, S., Fahad, H., & Irfan, A. (2019). Sustainable Leadership Enhance Innovation: A Systematic Review of Past Decade. Journal of Public Value and Administrative Insight, 2(4), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.31580/jpvai.v2i4.1151
  19. Hu, L., Li, H. X., Lee, S. C., Lee, Y. S., & Yen, S. J. (2024). How Does Sustainable Leadership Promote the Willingness to Adopt an Environmental Innovation Strategy? The Key Mediating Role of Environmental Value. Sustainability 2024, Vol. 16, Page 2988, 16(7), 2988. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU16072988
  20. Huo, C., Safdar, M. A., & Ahmed, M. (2023). Impact of responsible leadership on sustainable performance: a moderated mediation model. Kybernetes, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/K-03-2023-0342/FULL/XML
  21. Imran, R., Alraja, M. N., & Khashab, B. (2023). Sustainable Performance and Green Innovation: Green Human Resources Management and Big Data as Antecedents. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 70(12), 4191–4206. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2021.3114256
  22. Iqbal, Q., Ahmad, N. H., & Li, Y. (2021). Sustainable leadership in frontier asia region: Managerial discretion and environmental innovation. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095002
  23. Iqbal, Q., Ahmad, N. H., Li, Z., & Li, Y. (2022). To walk in beauty: Sustainable leadership, frugal innovation and environmental performance. Managerial and Decision Economics, 43(3), 738–750. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3415
  24. Iqbal, Q., Ahmad, N. H., Nasim, A., & Khan, S. A. R. (2020). A moderated-mediation analysis of psychological empowerment: Sustainable leadership and sustainable performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, 121429. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2020.121429
  25. Iqbal, Q., & Piwowar-Sulej, K. (2022a). Sustainable leadership in higher education institutions: social innovation as a mechanism. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(8), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-04-2021-0162
  26. Iqbal, Q., & Piwowar-Sulej, K. (2022b). Sustainable leadership in higher education institutions: social innovation as a mechanism. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 23(8), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-04-2021-0162
  27. Kluvankova, T., Nijnik, M., Spacek, M., Sarkki, S., Perlik, M., Lukesch, R., Melnykovych, M., Valero, D., & Brnkalakova, S. (2021). Social Innovation for Sustainability Transformation and its Diverging Development Paths in Marginalised Rural Areas. Sociologia Ruralis, 61(2), 344–371. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12337
  28. Lee, M.-J., & Roh, T. (2023). Digitalization capability and sustainable performance in emerging markets: mediating roles of in/out-bound open innovation and coopetition strategy. Management Decision, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2022-1398
  29. Manurung, W. O., Annisah, T., Syafrina, I., Pramita, N., & Tan, C. (2023). Implementasi Strategi Digital Marketing dan Manajemen Operasional pada UMKM 2Nailhouse Kota Batam. Jurnal Mirai Management, 8(1), 327–333. https://doi.org/10.37531/MIRAI.V8I1.4645
  30. Pantouvakis, A., & Vlachos, I. (2020). Talent and leadership effects on sustainable performance in the maritime industry. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 86, 102440. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TRD.2020.102440
  31. Pham, H., & Kim, S. Y. (2019). The effects of sustainable practices and managers’ leadership competences on sustainability performance of construction firms. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 20, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SPC.2019.05.003
  32. Piwowar-Sulej, K., & Iqbal, Q. (2023). Leadership styles and sustainable performance: A systematic literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 382, 134600. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.134600
  33. Purwaningsih, N., Tarto, T., & Candraningsih, E. O. (2023). Pengaruh Green Training, Green Recruitment Dan Green Transformational Leadership Terhadap Sustainable Corporate Performance PT ABC Di Tanggerang. Dynamic Management Journal, 7(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.31000/dmj.v7i1.7660
  34. Rehman Khan, S. A., Ahmad, Z., Sheikh, A. A., & Yu, Z. (2022). Digital transformation, smart technologies, and eco-innovation are paving the way toward sustainable supply chain performance. Science Progress, 105(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504221145648/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/10.1177_00368504221145648-FIG4.JPEG
  35. Sadabadi, A. A., & Mirzamani, A. (2023). The sustainable development goals and leadership in public sector: a case study of social innovation in the disability sector of Iran. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 36(2), 286–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2021.1964346
  36. Sapta, I. K. S., Sudja, I. N., Landra, I. N., & Rustiarini, N. W. (2021). Sustainability performance of organization: Mediating role of knowledge management. Economies, 9(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies9030097
  37. Shahzad, M., Qu, Y., Zafar, A. U., Rehman, S. U., & Islam, T. (2020). Exploring the influence of knowledge management process on corporate sustainable performance through green innovation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(9), 2079–2106. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2019-0624
  38. Suriyankietkaew, S. (2019). Sustainable leadership and entrepreneurship for corporate sustainability in small enterprises: An empirical analysis. World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 15(1–2), 256–275. https://doi.org/10.1504/WREMSD.2019.098463
  39. Suriyankietkaew, S., Krittayaruangroj, K., & Iamsawan, N. (2022). Sustainable Leadership Practices and Competencies of SMEs for Sustainability and Resilience: A Community-Based Social Enterprise Study. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(10), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105762
  40. Tay, B., & Sundiman, D. (2021). Pengaruh Inovasi Hijau Terhadap Kinerja Berkelanjutan: Peran Moderasi Dari Kepedulian Lingkungan Manajerial (Studi pada UMKM di Batam). DeReMa (Development Research of Management): Jurnal Manajemen, 16(1), 96. https://www.academia.edu/73052412/
  41. Wardana, S. (2019). Pengendalian Kualitas Produk Cacat PHX Toshiba pada PT Schneider Electric Manufacturing Batam.
  42. Zainol, N. R., Zainol, F. A., Ibrahim, Y., & Afthanorhan, A. (2019). Scaling up social innovation for sustainability: The roles of social enterprise capabilities. Management Science Letters, 9(3), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2018.12.005
  43. Zhang, Z., Zhu, H., Zhou, Z., & Zou, K. (2022). How does innovation matter for sustainable performance? Evidence from small and medium-sized enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 153, 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2022.08.034