The Influence of Capital Intensity, Advertising Intensity and Transfer Pricing on Tax Aggressiveness
Abstract:
Purpose: This study aims to determine the effects of capital intensity, advertising intensity, and transfer pricing on tax aggressiveness.
Methodology/approach: This study uses a quantitative method that utilizes secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and related company websites. The data source in this study is the financial reports of food & beverage sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022 as many as 95 companies. Then, the sampling technique uses the Purposive Sampling method.
Results/findings: The results show that the capital intensity variable has no influence on tax aggressiveness, while the advertising intensity variable has an influence on tax aggressiveness, and the transfer pricing variable has an influence on tax aggressiveness.
Limitations: The limitation of this study is that the measurement used is the Book Tax Difference (BTD), which cannot maximally identify tax aggressiveness. This is because the measurement can only measure the difference between fiscal and commercial policies. In this study, only three variables affect tax aggressiveness, and the population of research objects used is still small, so the variables, population size, and observation years used as research objects can be added.
Contributions: This research will have a good contribution to the development of knowledge in the fields of financial accounting and taxation.
Downloads

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Abidin, J. (2023). Pengaruh Capital Intensity dan Advertising Intensity Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Dengan Firm Size Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Distribusi, 11(2), 197–206.
Ahdiyah, A., & Triyanto, D. N. (2021). Impact of Financial Distress, Firm Size, Fixed Asset Intensity, and Inventory Intensity on Tax Aggressiveness. Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business, 4(2), 2021. https://doi.org/10.24198/jaab.v4i2.34528
Al Hafizh, M. P. (2022, August 23). Nielsen Ungkap 20 Industri dengan Belanja Iklan Tertinggi di Indonesia. Marketeers. https://www.marketeers.com/nielsen-ungkap-20-industri-dengan-belanja-iklan-tertinggi-di-indonesia/
Amidu, M., Coffie, W., & Acquah, P. (2019). Transfer pricing, earnings management and tax avoidance of firms in Ghana. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 235–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2017-0091
Andry, A., Ramdhani1, M. D., Zahra, Y., Fitria, N., & Rachman, A. A. (2021). The Effect of Transfer Pricing on Tax Avoidance in Manufacturing Companies Listed on LQ 45 Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2019. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 32(3). www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
Apriyanti, H. W., & Arifin, M. (2021). Tax aggressiveness determinants. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research, 3(1), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.21580/jiafr.2021.3.1.7412
Arinda, H., & Dwimulyani, S. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Good Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 5(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.25105/jat.v5i1.5246
Astrina, F., Aurellita, V., & Kurniawan, M. O. (2022). The Influence of Transfer Pricing and Sales Growth on Decisions Tax Avoidance. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis , 5(11). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v5-i11-28
Atasa, Z., Sabna, A., & Wulandari, S. (2021). Analisis Determinan Agresivitas Pajak Pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri. Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 16(2), 123–141. https://akuntansi.pnp.ac.id/jam
Aulia Rahman, H. (2021). Agresivitas Pajak dan Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhinya. 6(Desember), 195–206. https://news.ddtc.co.id/
Bernhard, C. T., & Veny, V. (2024). Pengaruh Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit dan Rasio Keuangan Perusahaan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Owner, 8(1), 163–185. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i1.1813
Cahyamustika, M. A., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Intensitas Modal, dan Intensitas Persediaan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Journal Geoekonomi, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.36277/geoekonomi.V15i1.328
Diandra, S. M., & Hidayat, A. (2020). Pengaruh Beban Iklan dan Intensitas Persediaan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Dengan Corporate Social Responbility Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. FINANCIAL: Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(2), 188–202. https://financial.ac.id/index.php/financial
Fatimah. (2023). Dampak Penghindaran Pajak Indonesia Diperkirakan Rugi Rp 68,7 Triliun. https://www.pajakku.com/read/5fbf28b52ef363407e21ea80/Dampak-Penghindaran-Pajak-Indonesia-Diperkirakan-Rugi-Rp-687-Triliun
Fitriani, D. N., Djaddang, S., & Suyanto. (2021). PENGARUH TRANSFER PRICING, KEPEMILIKAN ASING, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK DENGAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI. KINERJA Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 3(2).
Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. (2010). A review of tax research. In Journal of Accounting and Economics (Vol. 50, Issues 2–3, pp. 127–178). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002
Hendrianto, A. J., Suripto, S., Effriyanti, E., & Hidayati, W. N. (2022). Pengaruh Sales growth, Capital intensity, Kompensasi Eksekutif, dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Owner, 6(3), 3188–3199. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i3.1054
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. In Journal of Financial Economics (Issue 4). Harvard University Press. http://hupress.harvard.edu/catalog/JENTHF.html
Kumar, S., Pandey, N., Lim, W. M., Chatterjee, A. N., & Pandey, N. (2021). What do we know about transfer pricing? Insights from bibliometric analysis. Journal of Business Research, 134, 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.041
Leksono, A. W., Albertus, S. S., & Vhalery, R. (2019). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Listing di BEI Periode Tahun 2013–2017. JABE (Journal Od Accounting and Business Education, 5(4), 301–314.
Leonov, P. Y., Bolot, A., & Norkina, A. N. (2021). Formation of transfer pricing risk management competencies as an integral element of training specialists in economic security. Procedia Computer Science, 190, 521–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.06.060
Lestari, P. A. S., Pratomo, D., & Asalam, A. G. (2019). Pengaruh Koneksi Politik dan Capital Intensity Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset), 11(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v11i1.15772
Mansi, S., Qi, J., & Shi, H. (2020). Advertising and tax avoidance. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 54(2), 479–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-019-00796-6
Marsahala, Y. T., Arieftiara, D., & Lastiningsih, N. (2020). Commissioner’s competency effect of profitability, capital intensity, and tax avoidance. Journal of Contemporary Accounting, 2(3), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.20885/jca.vol2.iss3.art2
Mukhtar. (2021). The Effect of Transfer Pricing, Leverage, and Sales Growth on Tax Avoidance. SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3867195
Muliasari, R., & Hidayat, A. (2020). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage dan Komisaris Independen Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Perusahaan. SULTANIST: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Keuangan, 8(1), 28–36.
Nguyen, A. (2015). Product Market Advertising and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness.
Nurkomala, N., Yuliansyah, Y., & amelia, yunia. (2022). Analisis Kebijakan Hutang pada Subsektor Kontruksi dan Bangunan di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 3(4), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v3i4.1398
OECD. (2022). Revenue Statistics in Asia and the Pacific 2022 (Revenue Statistics in Asia and the Pacific). OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/db29f89a-en
Pengaruh siklus hidup perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening. (2020). Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan Dan Manajemen, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i3.20
Pengaruh tax equity terhadap tax compliance melalui trust in government. (2020). Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan Dan Manajemen, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i3.19
Prasetyo, A., & Wulandari, S. (2021). Capital Intensity, Leverage, Return on Asset, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. 13(1), 134–147. http://journal.maranatha.edu
Prastyatini, S. L. Y., & Trivita, M. Y. (2022). Pengaruh Capital Intensity, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Al-Kharaj?: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 5(3), 943–959. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v5i3.1419
Putri, A. M. H. (2023). Penerimaan Pajak RI Tembus Rp 688 T, Bisa Lewati Rekor 2022? https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/research/20230526072752-128-440754/penerimaan-pajak-ri-tembus-rp-688-t-bisa-lewati-rekor-2022
Ridhwan, A., & Dwiati, A. R. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Kebijakan Dividen. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 3(3), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v3i3.797
Rifqiyati, R., Masripah, M., & Miftah, M. (2021). Pengaruh Pajak, Multinasionalitas, dan Tunneling Incentive terhadap Keputusan Transfer Pricing. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 2(3), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v2i3.214
Rinaldi, M. (2020). Pengaruh Corporate Social Resposibility, Political Connection, Capital Intensity dan Inventory Intensity Terhadap Tax Aggressiveness. SIMAK, 18(2), 149–171.
Rosani, N. R., & Andriyanto, R. W. (2024). The Influence Of Independent Commissioners, Profitability, Company Size, Fixed Asset Intensity, Liquidity, And Transfer Pricing On Tax Aggressiveness. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal, 5(2), 3490–3505. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej
Rully R. Ramli. (2024). “Tax Ratio” RI Turun Jadi 10,21 Persen pada 2023. https://money.kompas.com/read/2024/01/03/133000026/-tax-ratio-ri-turun-jadi-10-21-persen-pada-2023-ini-penyebabnya#:~:text=JAKARTA%2C%20KOMPAS.com%20%2D%20Kementerian,4%20triliun%20sepanjang%20tahun%20lalu.
Sari, M. R., & Indrawan, I. G. A. (2022). Pengaruh kepemilikan instutional, capital intensity dan inventory intensity terhadap Tax Avoidance. Owner, 6(4), 4037–4049. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i4.1092
Sugeng, S., Prasetyo, E., & Zaman, B. (2020). Does capital intensity, inventory intensity, firm size, firm risk, and political connections affect tax aggressiveness? JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 17(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v17i1.3609
Susanti, D., Satyawan, D., Akuntansi, J., Surabaya, U. N., & Ketintang, J. (2020). Pengaruh Advertising Intensity, Inventory Intensity, dan Sales Growth Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. AKUNESA: Jurnal Akuntansi Unesa, 9(1). http://journal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/akunesa/
Tax Justice Network. (2020). The State of Tax Justice 2020: Tax Justice in the time of COVID-19.
Trisnawati, E., Fenny, & Budiono, H. (2020). Influence of Transfer Pricing, CEO Compensation, and Accounting Irregularities on Tax Aggressiveness. Antlantis Press, 439.
Utami, M. F., & Irawan, F. (2022). Pengaruh Thin Capitalization dan Transfer Pricing Aggressiveness terhadap Penghindaran Pajak dengan Financial Constraints sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Owner, 6(1), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.607
Vitaloka, O., Andriyanto, R. W., Amelia, Y., & Indra, A. Z. (2023). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 115–128. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v4i2.1718
Yahya, A., Gandawati Agustin, E., Nurastuti, P., Ekonomi, F., Bisnis, D., & Pelita Bangsa, U. (2022). Firm Size, Capital Intensity dan Inventory Intensity terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. In Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi (JEA) (Vol. 4, Issue 3). Online. http://jea.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/jea/index
- Abidin, J. (2023). Pengaruh Capital Intensity dan Advertising Intensity Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Dengan Firm Size Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Distribusi, 11(2), 197–206.
- Ahdiyah, A., & Triyanto, D. N. (2021). Impact of Financial Distress, Firm Size, Fixed Asset Intensity, and Inventory Intensity on Tax Aggressiveness. Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business, 4(2), 2021. https://doi.org/10.24198/jaab.v4i2.34528
- Al Hafizh, M. P. (2022, August 23). Nielsen Ungkap 20 Industri dengan Belanja Iklan Tertinggi di Indonesia. Marketeers. https://www.marketeers.com/nielsen-ungkap-20-industri-dengan-belanja-iklan-tertinggi-di-indonesia/
- Amidu, M., Coffie, W., & Acquah, P. (2019). Transfer pricing, earnings management and tax avoidance of firms in Ghana. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 235–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2017-0091
- Andry, A., Ramdhani1, M. D., Zahra, Y., Fitria, N., & Rachman, A. A. (2021). The Effect of Transfer Pricing on Tax Avoidance in Manufacturing Companies Listed on LQ 45 Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2019. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, 32(3). www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org
- Apriyanti, H. W., & Arifin, M. (2021). Tax aggressiveness determinants. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Finance Research, 3(1), 27–52. https://doi.org/10.21580/jiafr.2021.3.1.7412
- Arinda, H., & Dwimulyani, S. (2019). Analisis Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Tax Avoidance Dengan Good Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 5(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.25105/jat.v5i1.5246
- Astrina, F., Aurellita, V., & Kurniawan, M. O. (2022). The Influence of Transfer Pricing and Sales Growth on Decisions Tax Avoidance. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis , 5(11). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v5-i11-28
- Atasa, Z., Sabna, A., & Wulandari, S. (2021). Analisis Determinan Agresivitas Pajak Pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri. Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 16(2), 123–141. https://akuntansi.pnp.ac.id/jam
- Aulia Rahman, H. (2021). Agresivitas Pajak dan Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhinya. 6(Desember), 195–206. https://news.ddtc.co.id/
- Bernhard, C. T., & Veny, V. (2024). Pengaruh Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit dan Rasio Keuangan Perusahaan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Owner, 8(1), 163–185. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v8i1.1813
- Cahyamustika, M. A., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2023). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Intensitas Modal, dan Intensitas Persediaan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Journal Geoekonomi, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.36277/geoekonomi.V15i1.328
- Diandra, S. M., & Hidayat, A. (2020). Pengaruh Beban Iklan dan Intensitas Persediaan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Dengan Corporate Social Responbility Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. FINANCIAL: Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(2), 188–202. https://financial.ac.id/index.php/financial
- Fatimah. (2023). Dampak Penghindaran Pajak Indonesia Diperkirakan Rugi Rp 68,7 Triliun. https://www.pajakku.com/read/5fbf28b52ef363407e21ea80/Dampak-Penghindaran-Pajak-Indonesia-Diperkirakan-Rugi-Rp-687-Triliun
- Fitriani, D. N., Djaddang, S., & Suyanto. (2021). PENGARUH TRANSFER PRICING, KEPEMILIKAN ASING, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP AGRESIVITAS PAJAK DENGAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI. KINERJA Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 3(2).
- Hanlon, M., & Heitzman, S. (2010). A review of tax research. In Journal of Accounting and Economics (Vol. 50, Issues 2–3, pp. 127–178). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.002
- Hendrianto, A. J., Suripto, S., Effriyanti, E., & Hidayati, W. N. (2022). Pengaruh Sales growth, Capital intensity, Kompensasi Eksekutif, dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Owner, 6(3), 3188–3199. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i3.1054
- Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure. In Journal of Financial Economics (Issue 4). Harvard University Press. http://hupress.harvard.edu/catalog/JENTHF.html
- Kumar, S., Pandey, N., Lim, W. M., Chatterjee, A. N., & Pandey, N. (2021). What do we know about transfer pricing? Insights from bibliometric analysis. Journal of Business Research, 134, 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.05.041
- Leksono, A. W., Albertus, S. S., & Vhalery, R. (2019). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan dan Profitabilitas Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Listing di BEI Periode Tahun 2013–2017. JABE (Journal Od Accounting and Business Education, 5(4), 301–314.
- Leonov, P. Y., Bolot, A., & Norkina, A. N. (2021). Formation of transfer pricing risk management competencies as an integral element of training specialists in economic security. Procedia Computer Science, 190, 521–526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.06.060
- Lestari, P. A. S., Pratomo, D., & Asalam, A. G. (2019). Pengaruh Koneksi Politik dan Capital Intensity Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset), 11(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v11i1.15772
- Mansi, S., Qi, J., & Shi, H. (2020). Advertising and tax avoidance. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 54(2), 479–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-019-00796-6
- Marsahala, Y. T., Arieftiara, D., & Lastiningsih, N. (2020). Commissioner’s competency effect of profitability, capital intensity, and tax avoidance. Journal of Contemporary Accounting, 2(3), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.20885/jca.vol2.iss3.art2
- Mukhtar. (2021). The Effect of Transfer Pricing, Leverage, and Sales Growth on Tax Avoidance. SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3867195
- Muliasari, R., & Hidayat, A. (2020). Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage dan Komisaris Independen Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak Perusahaan. SULTANIST: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Keuangan, 8(1), 28–36.
- Nguyen, A. (2015). Product Market Advertising and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness.
- Nurkomala, N., Yuliansyah, Y., & amelia, yunia. (2022). Analisis Kebijakan Hutang pada Subsektor Kontruksi dan Bangunan di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 3(4), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v3i4.1398
- OECD. (2022). Revenue Statistics in Asia and the Pacific 2022 (Revenue Statistics in Asia and the Pacific). OECD. https://doi.org/10.1787/db29f89a-en
- Pengaruh siklus hidup perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak dengan manajemen laba sebagai variabel intervening. (2020). Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan Dan Manajemen, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i3.20
- Pengaruh tax equity terhadap tax compliance melalui trust in government. (2020). Jurnal Akuntansi Keuangan Dan Manajemen, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v1i3.19
- Prasetyo, A., & Wulandari, S. (2021). Capital Intensity, Leverage, Return on Asset, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. 13(1), 134–147. http://journal.maranatha.edu
- Prastyatini, S. L. Y., & Trivita, M. Y. (2022). Pengaruh Capital Intensity, Kepemilikan Institusional dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Al-Kharaj?: Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah, 5(3), 943–959. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v5i3.1419
- Putri, A. M. H. (2023). Penerimaan Pajak RI Tembus Rp 688 T, Bisa Lewati Rekor 2022? https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/research/20230526072752-128-440754/penerimaan-pajak-ri-tembus-rp-688-t-bisa-lewati-rekor-2022
- Ridhwan, A., & Dwiati, A. R. (2022). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Kebijakan Dividen. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 3(3), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v3i3.797
- Rifqiyati, R., Masripah, M., & Miftah, M. (2021). Pengaruh Pajak, Multinasionalitas, dan Tunneling Incentive terhadap Keputusan Transfer Pricing. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 2(3), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v2i3.214
- Rinaldi, M. (2020). Pengaruh Corporate Social Resposibility, Political Connection, Capital Intensity dan Inventory Intensity Terhadap Tax Aggressiveness. SIMAK, 18(2), 149–171.
- Rosani, N. R., & Andriyanto, R. W. (2024). The Influence Of Independent Commissioners, Profitability, Company Size, Fixed Asset Intensity, Liquidity, And Transfer Pricing On Tax Aggressiveness. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal, 5(2), 3490–3505. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej
- Rully R. Ramli. (2024). “Tax Ratio” RI Turun Jadi 10,21 Persen pada 2023. https://money.kompas.com/read/2024/01/03/133000026/-tax-ratio-ri-turun-jadi-10-21-persen-pada-2023-ini-penyebabnya#:~:text=JAKARTA%2C%20KOMPAS.com%20%2D%20Kementerian,4%20triliun%20sepanjang%20tahun%20lalu.
- Sari, M. R., & Indrawan, I. G. A. (2022). Pengaruh kepemilikan instutional, capital intensity dan inventory intensity terhadap Tax Avoidance. Owner, 6(4), 4037–4049. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i4.1092
- Sugeng, S., Prasetyo, E., & Zaman, B. (2020). Does capital intensity, inventory intensity, firm size, firm risk, and political connections affect tax aggressiveness? JEMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 17(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.31106/jema.v17i1.3609
- Susanti, D., Satyawan, D., Akuntansi, J., Surabaya, U. N., & Ketintang, J. (2020). Pengaruh Advertising Intensity, Inventory Intensity, dan Sales Growth Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. AKUNESA: Jurnal Akuntansi Unesa, 9(1). http://journal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/akunesa/
- Tax Justice Network. (2020). The State of Tax Justice 2020: Tax Justice in the time of COVID-19.
- Trisnawati, E., Fenny, & Budiono, H. (2020). Influence of Transfer Pricing, CEO Compensation, and Accounting Irregularities on Tax Aggressiveness. Antlantis Press, 439.
- Utami, M. F., & Irawan, F. (2022). Pengaruh Thin Capitalization dan Transfer Pricing Aggressiveness terhadap Penghindaran Pajak dengan Financial Constraints sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Owner, 6(1), 386–399. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.607
- Vitaloka, O., Andriyanto, R. W., Amelia, Y., & Indra, A. Z. (2023). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, Dan Manajemen, 115–128. https://doi.org/10.35912/jakman.v4i2.1718
- Yahya, A., Gandawati Agustin, E., Nurastuti, P., Ekonomi, F., Bisnis, D., & Pelita Bangsa, U. (2022). Firm Size, Capital Intensity dan Inventory Intensity terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. In Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi (JEA) (Vol. 4, Issue 3). Online. http://jea.ppj.unp.ac.id/index.php/jea/index