Kajian Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental

Effects of Trauma Bonding, Emotional Dependence, and Self-Esteem on Marital Persistence

2026-06-23T09:22:59+07:00

Purpose: This study analyzes the influence of trauma bonding, emotional dependence, and self-esteem on relationship persistence in unhealthy marital relationships.

Research Methodology: This research employed a quantitative explanatory design with a longitudinal time-lagged approach. Data were collected via online questionnaires distributed through Google Forms to individuals who had experienced unhealthy marital relationships. A purposive sampling technique was applied, resulting in 200 respondents. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) with SmartPLS 4.

Results: The findings show that trauma bonding and emotional dependence positively affect relationship persistence in unhealthy relationships. Conversely, self-esteem negatively affects relationship persistence. Individuals with stronger emotional attachment and dependence are more likely to remain in unhealthy relationships, while higher self-esteem reduces this tendency.

Conclusions: Psychological factors significantly explain why individuals persist in unhealthy relationships. Trauma bonding and emotional dependence increase persistence, whereas self-esteem reduces it.

Limitations: The study is based on self-reported data and focuses only on unhealthy marital relationships, limiting generalizability.

Contributions: This study contributes to relationship psychology and mental health literature by proposing an integrative model of relationship persistence. The findings provide insights for psychologists, counselors, and practitioners in understanding abusive relationship dynamics.

The Effect of Perceived Social Support on Perceived Stress Among Retail Workers

2026-06-30T11:27:55+07:00

Purpose: This study examines the effect of perceived social support on perceived stress among employees of a fashion accessory retail company in Indonesia, addressing the limited evidence on this relationship among Indonesian retail workers.
Research Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional causal-associative design was employed. Data were collected through an online survey of 369 employees using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Simple linear regression was used to analyze the data.
Results: Extending previous studies that primarily focused on job stress, this study examines perceived stress as a broader psychological outcome influenced by both work- and non-work-related stressors. The findings revealed that perceived social support had a significant negative effect on perceived stress (B = -0.119, p < 0.001). The relationship was weak (R = -0.264), and perceived social support explained 7% of the variance in perceived stress (R² = 0.070), indicating limited explanatory power.
Conclusions: Higher perceived social support is associated with lower perceived stress among retail workers. However, its relatively small effect suggests that perceived stress is influenced by multiple psychological and organizational factors beyond social support.
Limitations: The cross-sectional design and the use of respondents from a single fashion accessory retail company limit causal inference and the generalizability of the findings.
Contributions: This study provides empirical evidence from the Indonesian retail sector by highlighting perceived stress, rather than job stress, as an outcome of perceived social support, offering practical insights for workplace stress management.

The Dynamics of Self-Understanding in Middle Adulthood Through Dream Analysis

2026-07-03T09:20:44+07:00

Purpose: This study aims to explore the process of self-understanding in middle adulthood through dream experiences from the perspective of analytical psychology.
Research Methodology: This study employed a qualitative phenomenological design involving three Indonesian adults in middle adulthood who had experienced psychologically significant dreams and were able to reflect on their meanings. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and written dream narratives and analysed using interpretative thematic analysis within the framework of analytical psychology.
Results: The findings indicate that dream experiences contribute to an integrative process of self-understanding, including awareness of internal conflicts, the integration of rational and intuitive aspects, and a deeper understanding of interpersonal dynamics. Dreams also function as a reflective medium that facilitate emotional processing and psychological integration.
Conclusions: Dream analysis may support the development of self-understanding by enabling individuals to access unconscious psychological dynamics and reflect more deeply on their subjective experiences. Limitations: This study was limited to a small number of participants and focused on subjective interpretations of dream experiences within a specific culture and psychological context.
Contributions: This study extends the application of analytical psychology by demonstrating that dream analysis serves not only as a method of symbolic interpretation but also as a reflective process that facilitates self-understanding and psychological integration during middle adulthood.