Architectural Metaphor of A.A. Navis’s Works in Designing a Literary Appreciation Center in Yogyakarta

Alan Sastera Budiman — 2026-01-04

Purpose: Yogyakarta, a leading Indonesian literary centre, lacks a purpose-built facility for literary appreciation activities such as reading, discussion, performance, and critical engagement. This study designs a Literary Appreciation Building accommodating these activities through an architectural metaphor inspired by A.A. Navis's Robohnya Surau Kami, translating its literary values into architectural form.
Research Methodology: A qualitative design methodology employed a paradigm to concept framework, comprising thematic analysis of the short story, application of Antoniades's in 1990 Intangible Metaphor framework, and site analysis to develop strategies for massing, landscape, circulation, organisation, structure, and materials.
Results: The design proposes a two-mass building on a 1.9-hectare site in Pakualaman, Yogyakarta, with a gross floor area of 3,809 m². The main building reflects the collapsing surau through a twisted façade, while the auditorium represents Ajo Sidi through a slanted roof and curved form. A pedestrian bridge connects both masses, symbolising reconciliation.
Conclusions: The Intangible Metaphor approach proposed by Antoniades in 1990 effectively translates literary values into architectural design, enabling the building to embody its literary subject.
Limitations: This study presents a conceptual design; construction and post-occupancy evaluation are needed to validate its effectiveness.
Contributions: This study presents a replicable method for translating literary metaphor into architecture, contributing to the application of intangible metaphor in cultural building design.

Crowd Heatmap Detection at Elephant Park During COVID-19 Using SSD Object Detection

Wahid Salahudin — 2026-01-15

Purpose: This study investigates the application of deep learning based object detection to construct a motion heatmap of visitor crowds at Elephant Park, Bandar Lampung, as a monitoring measure during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims to determine whether an object detection algorithm can identify crowd density patterns and to evaluate the performance of the detector under varying confidence thresholds.
Research Methodology: The Single Shot MultiBox Detector with a MobileNet V1 backbone, pretrained on the Common Objects in Context dataset, was deployed on an NVIDIA Jetson Nano connected to a USB camera positioned at two intersections inside the park. Background subtraction in OpenCV was combined with detected bounding boxes to generate a motion heatmap. Detector performance was evaluated using a confusion matrix across confidence threshold values ranging from 0 to 0.9.
Results: The detector achieved a mean average precision of 23.2%, with an accuracy of 0.60, precision of 0.84, recall of 0.63, and F1 score of 0.72 at a confidence threshold of 0.3. A confidence threshold of 0.6 produced the most balanced trade-off for generating a usable motion heatmap, yielding a precision of 0.87.
Conclusions: The combined detection and heatmap pipeline successfully visualized visitor flow patterns at both observation points.
Limitations: Detection accuracy degraded under intense lighting variation and small pedestrian scale.
Contributions: This work offers a low cost, embedded surveillance approach that can inform public space design and health protocol enforcement in open air tourist attractions.

Jurnal Teknologi Riset Terapan

Architectural Metaphor of A.A. Navis’s Works in Designing a Literary Appreciation Center in Yogyakarta

Crowd Heatmap Detection at Elephant Park During COVID-19 Using SSD Object Detection