Karakterisasi Struktur dan Morfologi Membran Polietersulfon dengan Penambahan Variasi Katalis Organik Titanium Dioksida

https://doi.org/10.35912/jatra.v2i1.4948
Published: Jun 25, 2025

Abstract:

This study aims to synthesize and characterize ultrafiltration membranes based on polyethersulfone (PES) with the incorporation of titanium dioxide (TiO?) as an organic catalyst at varying concentrations (0%, 1%, and 2%). The goal is to evaluate the impact of TiO? addition on the structural and morphological properties of PES membranes to improve water treatment performance.

Research/methodology: Membranes were fabricated using the phase inversion technique, employing N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the pore-forming additive. Characterization techniques included Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for functional group identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for morphological analysis, contact angle measurement for hydrophilicity, porosity testing, and pure water flux evaluation.

Results: The addition of TiO? improved the hydrophilicity of PES membranes, reducing the contact angle from 68.2° to 53.7°, and increased porosity from 48.78% to 67.75%. Morphological analysis showed enhanced pore distribution and surface structure. The membrane with 2% TiO? achieved the highest water flux of 5.77 L/m²·h. Although this value is below the typical ultrafiltration standard (10–50 L/m²·h), the improvements indicate the potential of TiO? to enhance membrane performance.

Conclusions: Incorporating TiO? into PES membranes significantly enhanced their hydrophilicity, porosity, and structural uniformity. The optimal performance was observed at a 2% TiO? concentration.

Limitations: The study is limited by the non-uniform dispersion of TiO? particles and was conducted under laboratory-scale conditions without real-world application testing.

Contribution: This research provides insight into the role of TiO? in improving PES membrane characteristics and serves as a practical reference for developing advanced ultrafiltration membranes for water treatment applications.

Keywords:
1. Dimethyl Acetamide
2. Polyethersulfone
3. Titanium Dioxidfe
4. Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors:
1 . M Afif Al Ahsan Khuluqa
2 . Mardwita Mardwita
3 . Erna Yuliawati
View PDF
How to Cite
Khuluqa, M. A. A. A., Mardwita, M., & Yuliawati, E. (2025). Karakterisasi Struktur dan Morfologi Membran Polietersulfon dengan Penambahan Variasi Katalis Organik Titanium Dioksida. Jurnal Teknologi Riset Terapan, 2(1), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.35912/jatra.v2i1.4948
Download Citation
  1. Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
  2. BibTeX

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Issue & Section
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2024): Januari
Articles
References

    Abriyani, E., Syalomita, D., Apriani, I. P., Puspawati, I., Adiputra, S., & Nadeak, Z. T. (2024). Pengaruh Pengolahan Termal Terhadap Struktur Molekul Material Polimer Studi dengan Spektroskopi FTIR. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(1), 3424-3432. doi:https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i1.8287

    Ahmad, D., Boogaert, I. v. d., Miller, J., Presswell, R., & Jouhara, H. (2018). Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Materials and Their Applications. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 40(22), 2686-2725. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1511642

    Alberto, Erawan, E., & Dwivayani, K. D. (2020). Kampanye Komunikasi Lingkungan Dalam Upaya Peduli Air Bersih Bagi Masyarakat Sungai Karang Mumus (Studi Kasus pada LSM GMSS-SKM). eJournal Ilmu Komunikasi, 8(4), 106-120.

    Biswas, P., & Bandyopadhyaya, R. (2017). Biofouling Prevention Using Silver Nanoparticle Impregnated Polyethersulfone (PES) Membrane: E. coli Cell-Killing in a Continuous Cross-Flow Membrane Module. Journal of colloid and interface science, 491, 13-26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.060

    Chauke, N. M., Mohlala, R. L., Ngqoloda, S., & Raphulu, M. C. (2024). Harnessing visible Light: Enhancing TiO2 Photocatalysis with Photosensitizers for Sustainable and Efficient Environmental Solutions. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, 6, 1-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1356021

    Dahlan, M. H., Sitaggang, W., & Sinambela, D. (2016). Perbandingan Pengolahan Limbah Cair Karet dengan Koagulan Asam Formiat, Asap Cair dan Asam Sulfat Menggunakan Teknologi Membran. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 22(4), 1-10.

    Dong, X., Lu, D., Harris, T. A., & Escobar, I. C. (2021). Polymers and Solvents Used in Membrane Fabrication: A Review Focusing on Sustainable Membrane Development. Membranes, 11(5), 1-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050309

    Fathanah, U., Lubis, M. R., Mahyuddin, Z., Muchtar, S., Yusuf, M., Rosnelly, C. M., . . . Kamaruzzaman, S. (2021). Sintesis, Karakterisasi dan Kinerja Membran Hidrofobik Menggunakan Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) Sebagai Aditif. ALCHEMY: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 17(2), 140-150. doi:https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.17.2.48435.140-150

    Ferdinand, M. A., & Savitri, A. (2023). Upaya Pemenuhan Air Bersih Masyarakat Pulau Belakang Padang Melalui Sistem Sea Water Reverse Osmosis. Jurnal Kacapuri: Jurnal Keilmuan Teknik Sipil, 5(2), 470-483. doi:https://doi.org/10.31602/jk.v5i2.9094

    Gao, H., Zhong, S., Dangayach, R., & Chen, Y. (2023). Understanding and Designing a High-Performance Ultrafiltration Membrane Using Machine Learning. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(46), 17831-17840. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c05404

    Issaoui, M., Jellali, S., Zorpas, A. A., & Dutournie, P. (2022). Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water Resources Management: Challenges and Future Projections. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 25, 1-21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2021.100590

    Istiani, N. (2022). Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran (Polyvinylidene Difluoride) PVDF-Fe2O3 untuk Filtrasi Ion Logam Cr6+. Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang.

    Maizunati, N. A., & Arifin, M. Z. (2017). Pengaruh Perubahan Jumlah Penduduk Terhadap Kualitas Air di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, 15(2), 207-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.36762/jurnaljateng.v15i2.417

    Mardiono, D. A., Nanra, S., & Rican, D. (2023). Rancang Bangun Pengaman Pintu Menggunakan RFID Dengan Mikrokontroler Atmega 328. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1872

    Mataram, A., Nasution, J. D., Bizzy, I., Mohruni, A. S., Rizal, S., Pataras, M., . . . Bactiar, M. (2024). Analisis Karakteristik Membran Pengolahan Air dari Bahan Polyethersulfone dengan Penambahan Perak Nitrat. AUSTENIT, 16(1), 55-62. doi:https://doi.org/10.53893/austenit.v16i1.8614

    Maulana, M. R., & Marsono, B. D. (2021). Penerapan Teknologi Membran untuk Mengolah Limbah Cair Industri Tahu (Studi Kasus: UKM Sari Bumi, Kabupaten Sumedang). Jurnal Teknik ITS, 10(2), 54-60. doi:https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v10i2.63453

    Melvi, M., Nurhayati, N., Batubara, M. A. M., Septama, H. D., & Ulvan, A. (2023). Unjuk Kerja Teknologi Akses Jamak TD-CDMA dan TD-SCDMA pada Infrastruktur Jaringan High Altitude Platform Stations. Jurnal Teknologi Riset Terapan, 1(1), 51-59. doi:10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1790

    Melvi, M., Ulvan, A., Sidiq, M. R., & Batubara, M. A. M. (2023). Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Ketinggian Muka Air Laut Menggunakan Arduino Pro Mini dan NodeMCU ESP8266. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1794

    Mirwan, A., Indriyani, V., & Novianty, Y. (2018). Pembuatan Membran Ultrafiltrasi dari Polimer Selulosa Asetat dengan Metode Inversi Fasa. Konversi, 6(1), 11-16. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v6i1.4778

    Mohammadnezhad, F., Feyzi, M., & Zinadini, S. (2019). A Novel Ce-MOF/PES Mixed Matrix Membrane; Synthesis, Characterization and Antifouling Evaluation. Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry, 71, 99-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.09.032

    Mustabsyirah, Shinta, A., Lubis, M. R., Sofyana, Mukramah, Mukhriza, . . . Fathanah, U. (2022). Peningkatan Kinerja Membran Polietersulfon (PES) dengan Modifikasi Menggunakan Aditif Hidrofilik. Jurnal Serambi Engineering, 7(1), 2656-2662. doi:https://doi.org/10.32672/jse.v7i1.3828

    Nisah, K., & Nasution, R. S. (2022). Analisis Potensi Membran dari Karagenan pada Desalinasi Air Sumur Dengan Metode Reverse Osmosis. Amina: Ar-Raniry Chemistry Journal, 4(1), 37-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.22373/amina.v4i1.2472

    Panneerselvam, B., & Priya, S. (2023). Phytoremediation Potential of Water Hyacinth in Heavy Metal Removal in Chromium and Lead Contaminated Water. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 103(13), 3081-3096. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2021.1901896

    Riesna, D. M. R., Pujianto, D. E., Efendi, A. J. I., Nugroho, B. A., & Saputra, D. I. S. (2023). Identifikasi Platform dan Faktor Sukses dalam Manajemen Proyek Teknologi Informasi. Jurnal Teknologi Riset Terapan, 1(1), 1-9. doi:10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1458

    Sadilla, F., Frinaldi, A., Razak, A., Rembrandit, Dewata, I., & Syah, N. (2024). Analisis Sistematis Hukum Lingkungan dan Pengelolaan Saluran Limbah: Dampak Terhadap Ekosistem dan Solusi. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(12), 541-547. doi:https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i12.1162

    Sitohang, A. R., Yuliati, S., & Hasan, A. (2022). Pengaruh Pac dan Variasi Tekanan pada Pemurnian Limbah Cair Tahu Menggunakan Membran Polisulfon Ultrafiltrasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Indonesia, 2(9), 411-416. doi:https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.219

    Sukron, A., Safitri, R. E., & Malis, E. (2019). Pengaruh Massa Titanium Dioksida (TiO2) Terhadap Pengemban Membran Nata De Soya pada Proses Fotodegradasi Pewarna Tekstil. Jurnal Crystal: Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya, 1(2), 34-44. doi:https://doi.org/10.36526/jc.v1i2.804

    Suryandari, A. S., Mustain, A., Pratama, D. W., & Maula, I. (2019). Studi Aktivitas Reaksi Fotokatalisis Berbasis Katalis TiO2-Karbon Aktif Terhadap Mutu Air Limbah Power Plant. Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan, 3(2), 95-101. doi:https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v3i2.124

    Yando, J. R., Panusunan, P., & Fauzan, F. (2023). Penggunaan Filler Tanah (Silt) sebagai Perencanaan Campuran Aspal Beton AC-WC. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1873

    Yuliwati, E. (2019). Membran Komposit Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Titanium Dioksida untuk Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Inovator, 2(2), 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.37338/inovator.v2i2.124

  1. Abriyani, E., Syalomita, D., Apriani, I. P., Puspawati, I., Adiputra, S., & Nadeak, Z. T. (2024). Pengaruh Pengolahan Termal Terhadap Struktur Molekul Material Polimer Studi dengan Spektroskopi FTIR. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 4(1), 3424-3432. doi:https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i1.8287
  2. Ahmad, D., Boogaert, I. v. d., Miller, J., Presswell, R., & Jouhara, H. (2018). Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Materials and Their Applications. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 40(22), 2686-2725. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1511642
  3. Alberto, Erawan, E., & Dwivayani, K. D. (2020). Kampanye Komunikasi Lingkungan Dalam Upaya Peduli Air Bersih Bagi Masyarakat Sungai Karang Mumus (Studi Kasus pada LSM GMSS-SKM). eJournal Ilmu Komunikasi, 8(4), 106-120.
  4. Biswas, P., & Bandyopadhyaya, R. (2017). Biofouling Prevention Using Silver Nanoparticle Impregnated Polyethersulfone (PES) Membrane: E. coli Cell-Killing in a Continuous Cross-Flow Membrane Module. Journal of colloid and interface science, 491, 13-26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2016.11.060
  5. Chauke, N. M., Mohlala, R. L., Ngqoloda, S., & Raphulu, M. C. (2024). Harnessing visible Light: Enhancing TiO2 Photocatalysis with Photosensitizers for Sustainable and Efficient Environmental Solutions. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering, 6, 1-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fceng.2024.1356021
  6. Dahlan, M. H., Sitaggang, W., & Sinambela, D. (2016). Perbandingan Pengolahan Limbah Cair Karet dengan Koagulan Asam Formiat, Asap Cair dan Asam Sulfat Menggunakan Teknologi Membran. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 22(4), 1-10.
  7. Dong, X., Lu, D., Harris, T. A., & Escobar, I. C. (2021). Polymers and Solvents Used in Membrane Fabrication: A Review Focusing on Sustainable Membrane Development. Membranes, 11(5), 1-25. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050309
  8. Fathanah, U., Lubis, M. R., Mahyuddin, Z., Muchtar, S., Yusuf, M., Rosnelly, C. M., . . . Kamaruzzaman, S. (2021). Sintesis, Karakterisasi dan Kinerja Membran Hidrofobik Menggunakan Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) Sebagai Aditif. ALCHEMY: Jurnal Penelitian Kimia, 17(2), 140-150. doi:https://doi.org/10.20961/alchemy.17.2.48435.140-150
  9. Ferdinand, M. A., & Savitri, A. (2023). Upaya Pemenuhan Air Bersih Masyarakat Pulau Belakang Padang Melalui Sistem Sea Water Reverse Osmosis. Jurnal Kacapuri: Jurnal Keilmuan Teknik Sipil, 5(2), 470-483. doi:https://doi.org/10.31602/jk.v5i2.9094
  10. Gao, H., Zhong, S., Dangayach, R., & Chen, Y. (2023). Understanding and Designing a High-Performance Ultrafiltration Membrane Using Machine Learning. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(46), 17831-17840. doi:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c05404
  11. Issaoui, M., Jellali, S., Zorpas, A. A., & Dutournie, P. (2022). Membrane Technology for Sustainable Water Resources Management: Challenges and Future Projections. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 25, 1-21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2021.100590
  12. Istiani, N. (2022). Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran (Polyvinylidene Difluoride) PVDF-Fe2O3 untuk Filtrasi Ion Logam Cr6+. Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang.
  13. Maizunati, N. A., & Arifin, M. Z. (2017). Pengaruh Perubahan Jumlah Penduduk Terhadap Kualitas Air di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, 15(2), 207-215. doi:https://doi.org/10.36762/jurnaljateng.v15i2.417
  14. Mardiono, D. A., Nanra, S., & Rican, D. (2023). Rancang Bangun Pengaman Pintu Menggunakan RFID Dengan Mikrokontroler Atmega 328. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1872
  15. Mataram, A., Nasution, J. D., Bizzy, I., Mohruni, A. S., Rizal, S., Pataras, M., . . . Bactiar, M. (2024). Analisis Karakteristik Membran Pengolahan Air dari Bahan Polyethersulfone dengan Penambahan Perak Nitrat. AUSTENIT, 16(1), 55-62. doi:https://doi.org/10.53893/austenit.v16i1.8614
  16. Maulana, M. R., & Marsono, B. D. (2021). Penerapan Teknologi Membran untuk Mengolah Limbah Cair Industri Tahu (Studi Kasus: UKM Sari Bumi, Kabupaten Sumedang). Jurnal Teknik ITS, 10(2), 54-60. doi:https://doi.org/10.12962/j23373539.v10i2.63453
  17. Melvi, M., Nurhayati, N., Batubara, M. A. M., Septama, H. D., & Ulvan, A. (2023). Unjuk Kerja Teknologi Akses Jamak TD-CDMA dan TD-SCDMA pada Infrastruktur Jaringan High Altitude Platform Stations. Jurnal Teknologi Riset Terapan, 1(1), 51-59. doi:10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1790
  18. Melvi, M., Ulvan, A., Sidiq, M. R., & Batubara, M. A. M. (2023). Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Ketinggian Muka Air Laut Menggunakan Arduino Pro Mini dan NodeMCU ESP8266. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1794
  19. Mirwan, A., Indriyani, V., & Novianty, Y. (2018). Pembuatan Membran Ultrafiltrasi dari Polimer Selulosa Asetat dengan Metode Inversi Fasa. Konversi, 6(1), 11-16. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v6i1.4778
  20. Mohammadnezhad, F., Feyzi, M., & Zinadini, S. (2019). A Novel Ce-MOF/PES Mixed Matrix Membrane; Synthesis, Characterization and Antifouling Evaluation. Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry, 71, 99-111. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.09.032
  21. Mustabsyirah, Shinta, A., Lubis, M. R., Sofyana, Mukramah, Mukhriza, . . . Fathanah, U. (2022). Peningkatan Kinerja Membran Polietersulfon (PES) dengan Modifikasi Menggunakan Aditif Hidrofilik. Jurnal Serambi Engineering, 7(1), 2656-2662. doi:https://doi.org/10.32672/jse.v7i1.3828
  22. Nisah, K., & Nasution, R. S. (2022). Analisis Potensi Membran dari Karagenan pada Desalinasi Air Sumur Dengan Metode Reverse Osmosis. Amina: Ar-Raniry Chemistry Journal, 4(1), 37-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.22373/amina.v4i1.2472
  23. Panneerselvam, B., & Priya, S. (2023). Phytoremediation Potential of Water Hyacinth in Heavy Metal Removal in Chromium and Lead Contaminated Water. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 103(13), 3081-3096. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2021.1901896
  24. Riesna, D. M. R., Pujianto, D. E., Efendi, A. J. I., Nugroho, B. A., & Saputra, D. I. S. (2023). Identifikasi Platform dan Faktor Sukses dalam Manajemen Proyek Teknologi Informasi. Jurnal Teknologi Riset Terapan, 1(1), 1-9. doi:10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1458
  25. Sadilla, F., Frinaldi, A., Razak, A., Rembrandit, Dewata, I., & Syah, N. (2024). Analisis Sistematis Hukum Lingkungan dan Pengelolaan Saluran Limbah: Dampak Terhadap Ekosistem dan Solusi. Gudang Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(12), 541-547. doi:https://doi.org/10.59435/gjmi.v2i12.1162
  26. Sitohang, A. R., Yuliati, S., & Hasan, A. (2022). Pengaruh Pac dan Variasi Tekanan pada Pemurnian Limbah Cair Tahu Menggunakan Membran Polisulfon Ultrafiltrasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Indonesia, 2(9), 411-416. doi:https://doi.org/10.52436/1.jpti.219
  27. Sukron, A., Safitri, R. E., & Malis, E. (2019). Pengaruh Massa Titanium Dioksida (TiO2) Terhadap Pengemban Membran Nata De Soya pada Proses Fotodegradasi Pewarna Tekstil. Jurnal Crystal: Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya, 1(2), 34-44. doi:https://doi.org/10.36526/jc.v1i2.804
  28. Suryandari, A. S., Mustain, A., Pratama, D. W., & Maula, I. (2019). Studi Aktivitas Reaksi Fotokatalisis Berbasis Katalis TiO2-Karbon Aktif Terhadap Mutu Air Limbah Power Plant. Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan, 3(2), 95-101. doi:https://doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v3i2.124
  29. Yando, J. R., Panusunan, P., & Fauzan, F. (2023). Penggunaan Filler Tanah (Silt) sebagai Perencanaan Campuran Aspal Beton AC-WC. doi:https://doi.org/10.35912/jatra.v1i1.1873
  30. Yuliwati, E. (2019). Membran Komposit Polyvinylidene Fluoride/Titanium Dioksida untuk Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Kelapa Sawit. Jurnal Inovator, 2(2), 1-6. doi:https://doi.org/10.37338/inovator.v2i2.124