Jurnal Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja

HIRARC-Based Occupational Health and Safety Risk Analysis in Warehouse Inbound and Outbound Operations

Fikodias Gilang Prabowo — 2026-05-02

Purpose: This study analyzes Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) risks across inbound and outbound warehouse activities at PT. XYZ, an industrial services company, using the HIRARC method.
Research Methodology: A qualitative descriptive case study was conducted through direct observation of eleven warehouse activities, semi-structured interviews with six key informants, and analysis of company documents. Hazards were classified using the 5M framework, risk levels were assessed with a 4×4 likelihood-severity matrix based on International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 45001:2018, and controls were developed following the International Labour Organization (ILO) hierarchy of controls.
Results: Sixty-six hazard sources were identified. Risk assessment classified 2 hazards (3.0%) as low risk, 55 (83.3%) as moderate risk, and 9 (13.6%) as high risk, with no extreme risks found. The highest-risk activities were goods retrieval, goods reception, goods storage, and transfer to transport vehicles, mainly due to unqualified forklift operation, non-ergonomic manual handling, and PPE non-compliance. Recommended controls included engineering controls (25 hazards), administrative controls (35 hazards), and PPE (6 hazards).
Conclusions: HIRARC provided a comprehensive basis for prioritizing OHS improvements, with administrative controls, particularly training, SOP enforcement, and forklift competency certification, identified as the most critical interventions.
Limitations: Findings are limited to one company’s warehouse operations and may not be directly generalizable to other industries. Future studies involving multiple companies and different industrial sectors are needed to validate and broaden the applicability of the proposed risk management framework.
Contributions: The study offers an integrated HIRARC-based risk management framework covering all inbound and outbound warehouse activities in the Indonesian industrial services sector.

Worker Characteristics and Workplace Accident Association Among Welding and Assembly Workers in a Manufacturing Company

Juhanda Juhanda — 2026-06-12

Purpose: Workplace accidents in welding and assembly manufacturing in Indonesia remain a key safety issue. This study examines the relationship between knowledge, age, education, and work tenure and accident occurrence among workers at PT. X, Batam.
Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 welding and assembly workers using total sampling. Data were collected through structured questionnaires. Occupational Safety and Health (OHS) knowledge was measured using a validated instrument, while demographic data were self-reported. Accident experience was classified as ever or never. Chi-square test (? = 0.05) was applied.
Results: Univariate analysis showed 56.7% had experienced accidents; 40% had low OHS knowledge, 63.3% were under 35 years, 73.3% had low education, and 53.3% had short tenure. Chi-square tests indicated significant associations between accidents and knowledge (p = 0.000), age (p = 0.013), education (p = 0.014), and tenure (p = 0.000).
Conclusions: All four factors are significantly associated with workplace accidents, with knowledge and tenure showing the strongest relationships and priority for intervention. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening occupational safety culture in manufacturing workplaces.
Limitations: Small sample size and single-company scope limit generalizability and causal inference. Future studies should include larger samples and multiple sites to improve external validity.
Contributions: Findings support targeted OHS training and structured onboarding to reduce accidents in welding and assembly work. The study also provides empirical evidence for policy development in similar manufacturing settings.

Occupational Safety and Health Effects on Employee Performance: Evidence from a State-Owned Telecommunications Company

Melinda Melinda — 2026-05-02

Purpose: This study examines the effects of occupational safety and occupational health on employee performance at PT Telkom Indonesia Witel East Jakarta, addressing limited evidence from the Indonesian state-owned telecommunications sector.

Research Methodology: A quantitative survey was conducted using saturation sampling of all 60 employees in the SAS Division. Data were collected through Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) in SPSS 25. Instrument validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests were performed before hypothesis testing.

Results: All instruments were valid and reliable. The regression model met normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity assumptions. The regression equation was Y = 6.619 + 0.275X1 + 0.333X2. Partial t-tests showed that occupational safety (t = 3.044, p = 0.004) and occupational health (t = 2.401, p = 0.008) significantly affected employee performance. The F-test confirmed a significant joint effect (F = 14.161, p < 0.001). The model explained 33.2% of the variance in employee performance (R² = 0.332).

Conclusions: Occupational safety and occupational health positively and significantly influence employee performance, both individually and simultaneously. These findings indicate that strengthening workplace safety and health programs can contribute to improved employee productivity and organizational performance.

Limitations: The study focuses on a single division within one company, limiting generalizability. Additional organizational factors may explain the remaining performance variance.

Contributions: This study provides empirical evidence on the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) performance relationship in an Indonesian state-owned telecommunications company and supports evidence-based OHS policy development.

Sobriety Test and Health Examination for Fatigue Assessment Among Shift Workers in a Coal Mining Company

Jansen Fernando — 2026-05-02

Purpose: This study examines physical fatigue, sleep quality, and cardiovascular health among shift-working mine operators at PT. Manggala Alam Lestari, South Sumatra, using an integrated Sobriety Test and health examination protocol.
Research Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design was applied to 50 shift-working mine operators selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected over five days using a four-component Sobriety Test, blood pressure measurement, pulse rate monitoring, and interviews on sleep duration.
Results: Six participants (12%) were classified as unfit based on the Sobriety Test. Four participants (8%) had abnormal blood pressure, and four (8%) showed abnormal pulse rates. Five participants (10%) reported sleeping fewer than six hours per day, and all were identified with health abnormalities or fatigue-related issues. Conversely, all participants sleeping six or more hours per day demonstrated normal cardiovascular indicators. Health abnormalities were concentrated entirely within the sleepdeprived group.
Conclusions: Sleep duration of less than six hours per day was consistently associated with physical fatigue and abnormal cardiovascular indicators. The combined Sobriety Test and health examination protocol is a practical tool for pre-shift fitness-forduty screening.
Limitations: The study involved a small sample from a single mining operation, limiting generalizability. Potential confounding factors such as diet, stress, and physical activity were not assessed.
Contributions: This study provides evidence supporting an integrated fatigue screening approach for Indonesian coal mining workers and offers a low-cost model for pre-shift fitness-for-duty assessment.