Purpose: This study aims to analyze the implementation strategies of green agriculture in Jombang Regency, Indonesia, by examining the roles of institutional leadership, local grassroots leadership, and human resource training development programs in facilitating environmentally sustainable farming practices across three cultivation models: the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), organic rice farming, and Healthy Crop Cultivation (BTS).
Methodology: A qualitative exploratory design was employed using in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis at the Agriculture Office of Jombang Regency and local farmer groups. Data were collected from agricultural officers, extension workers, farmer group leaders, and government officials, then analyzed thematically to identify leadership strategies, training practices, and policy support mechanisms.
Results: The findings show that the success of the three green agriculture programs depended largely on institutional and local leadership. The BTS program exhibited the highest sustainability due to strong multi-stakeholder collaboration. While training and capacity-building initiatives enhanced human resources, long-term program sustainability also required supportive policies and effective market linkages.
Conclusions: Effective implementation of green agriculture in Jombang Regency requires an integrated approach combining strong leadership at multiple levels, continuous human resource development, supportive policy frameworks, and multistakeholder collaboration to ensure program sustainability.
Limitations: This study is limited to three green agriculture programs in one regency, and findings may not be generalizable to other regions with different institutional or agroecological contexts.
Contributions: This paper contributes an empirically grounded framework for understanding the interaction between leadership, human resource development, and policy support in driving green agriculture adoption in developing country contexts.